Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. Although surgery remains the key approach for achieving long-term survival, the majority of patients are ineligible for surgery at the time of initial diagnosis, resulting in suboptimal overall treatment outcomes. This paper reviews the current treatment strategies for HCC, with a particular focus on comprehensive treatment plans centered around surgery. It explores the status and advancements in multidisciplinary treatment approaches, including preoperative conversion therapy, minimally invasive surgery, and postoperative adjuvant therapies. Through the adoption of rational comprehensive treatment strategies, it is anticipated that the therapeutic outcomes and quality of life for HCC patients can be improved.