Objective To compare and evaluate the capability of pure autogenous bone and the enhanced autogenous bone combined with bone morphogenetic protein in bone repair of femoral head. Methods Eighteen femoral heads of 9 dogs weredrilled by trephine, 4 mm in diameter, followed by respective implantations of autogenous bone grafting (group B) and of the enhanced autogenous bone composite, combined with bone morphogenetic protein (group C), with the selfrepair of bone defect as the control (group A). Three, six, nine weeks after the operation, radiological examination, computerized tomography, light and electronic microscopes were performed to investigate the bone healing of the defect in the femoral head. Results In group A, it could be observed that there washematoma organization and delayed woven bone formation in the 3rd week after operation, and therewas little replacement of woven bone by bone trabecula in the 9th week; in group B, the autogenous bone implanted were dead in the 3rd week and maintained in situ in the 9th week; in group C, active new bone formation, either endochondral or intramembranous ossification, was found in the 3rd week and entire repair of the bone defect by bone trabecula in the 9th week after operation. Conclusion The enhanced autogenous bone combined with bone morphogenetic protein could promote reconstruction of the bone defect in femoral head, superior to pure autogenous bone which could provide a framework for the new bone formation.