Objective To summarize the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer related genes. Methods By using the method of literature review, The literatures of thyroid cancer related gene were reviewed on the study of emerging diagnosis and treatment strategy. Results Combined detection of BRAF oncogene, RAS oncogene, RET/PTC rearrangement, PAX8-PPARγ fusion gene and its related genes, can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the malignant thyroid nodule form benign, and has become a basis of targeted drug therapy. Conclusion In preoperative thyroid cancer, Joint detection of related gene can provide a molecular basis for the patients to guide the operation and drug treatment.