目的 探討慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重（AECOPD）合并肺栓塞（PE）的臨床特點。 方法 回顧性分析2009年1月－2012年6月38例AECOPD合并PE患者（栓塞組）的臨床資料，并與42例單純AECOPD（對照組）臨床資料進行對比。 結果 栓塞PE組不對稱性下肢水腫發生率明顯高于對照組（P＜0.05），另外肺動脈高壓、D-二聚體及修改的Geneva評分與對照組比較存在一定差異，且差異有統計學意義（P＜0.05）。 結論 AECOPD合并PE的臨床表現并不特異，當AECOPD出現不對稱性水腫、D-二聚體升高、肺動脈高壓及修改的Geneva評分升高等表現不能解釋原因時，要考慮PE的可能，并盡快選擇CT肺動脈成像或肺動脈造影以明確診斷。
Astronauts who are exposed to weightless environment in long-term spaceflight might encounter bone density and mass loss for the mechanical stimulus is smaller than normal value. This study built a three dimensional model of human femur to simulate the remodeling process of human femur during bed rest experiment based on finite element analysis (FEA). The remodeling parameters of this finite element model was validated after comparing experimental and numerical results. Then, the remodeling process of human femur in weightless environment was simulated, and the remodeling function of time was derived. The loading magnitude and loading cycle on human femur during weightless environment were increased to simulate the exercise against bone loss. Simulation results showed that increasing loading magnitude is more effective in diminishing bone loss than increasing loading cycles, which demonstrated that exercise of certain intensity could help resist bone loss during long-term spaceflight. At the end, this study simulated the bone recovery process after spaceflight. It was found that the bone absorption rate is larger than bone formation rate. We advise that astronauts should take exercise during spaceflight to resist bone loss.