Objective To compare the long-term outcomes between laparoscopic and open sphinter preservation operation for low rectal cancer. Method The literatures about the long-term outcomes between laparoscopic and open sphinter preservation operation for low rectal cancer were reviewed. Result Compared with open sphinter preservation operation, laparoscopic sphincter preservation operation for low rectal cancer did not increase locoreginonal recurrence rate and metasatasis rate. Conclusion The safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes remain to be determined by more randomized clinical tirals and evidence-based medical results.