Objective To explore the significance of parathyroid micro vascular anatomy in thyroid lobectomy with capsular technique. Methods The pertinent literatures in recent thirty years were screened with key words “parathyroid micro vascular anatomy， capsular technique， and protection”and reviewed. Results There were many types of number， origin， and length of parathyroid vascular， and specific measurements should be taken in thyroid lobectomy with capsular technique. Conclusion Fully awareness of parathyroid micro vascular anatomy will benefit to ensure preservation of their function during thyroid lobectomy with capsular technique.