Closed-loop transcranial ultrasound stimulation technology is based on real-time feedback signals, and has the potential for precise regulation of neural activity. In this paper, firstly the local field potential (LFP) and electromyogram (EMG) signals of mice under different intensities of ultrasound stimulation were recorded, then the mathematical model of ultrasound intensity and mouse LFP peak/EMG mean was established offline based on the data, and the closed-loop control system of LFP peak and EMG mean based on PID neural network control algorithm was simulated and built to realize closed-loop control of LFP peak and EMG mean of mice. In addition, using the generalized minimum variance control algorithm, the closed-loop control of theta oscillation power was realized. There was no significant difference between the LFP peak, EMG mean and theta power under closed-loop ultrasound control and the given value, indicating a significant control effect on the LFP peak, EMG mean and theta power of mice. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation based on closed-loop control algorithms provides a direct tool for precise modulation of electrophysiological signals in mice.
ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of two regimens of biliary atresia treated with Kasai-liver transplantation (LT) sequential therapy and direct primary LT. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on pediatric patients diagnosed with biliary atresia who underwent LT and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, from January 2018 to January 2025. The enrolled children were divided into two groups according to treatment regimens: the Kasai-LT group and the direct primary LT group. Demographic data, general clinical data, intraoperative conditions, postoperative recovery, complications, and survival rates were compared between the two groups. ResultsA total of 300 pediatric patients were enrolled, including 225 in the Kasai-LT group and 75 in the primary LT group. After propensity score matching, there were 150 patients in the Kasai-LT group and 75 in the primary LT group. In terms of surgical parameters, the Kasai-LT group had a shorter operative time (P=0.005), stay in the pediatric intensive care unit (P=0.026), and total hospital stay (P=0.015), as well as lower hospitalization costs (P=0.017). No significant differences were observed in liver function recovery on postoperative day 7 between the two groups (P>0.05). The Kasai-LT group presented lower incidences of hepatic artery complications and thoracic and abdominal infections compared with the primary LT group (P=0.023 and P=0.003, respectively). The 5-year cumulative survival rates were 94.40% for the Kasai-LT group and 88.10% for the primary LT group, while the 5-year cumulative graft survival rates were 89.30% and 86.80%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups for either indicator (P>0.05). ConclusionsKasai procedure for biliary atresia can effectively improve LT conditions and reduce the rate of postoperative complications. For the treatment of biliary atresia, sequential Kasai procedure combined with LT is a viable option, and individualized therapeutic regimens should also be adopted.