This article provides a systematic interpretation of the Development and Implementation of National Action Plans for Infection Prevention and Control Practical Guide issued by the World Health Organization in 2025. Functioning as a pragmatic evolution of the 2016 Guidelines on core components of infection prevention and control programmes, this new guide aims to overcome systemic bottlenecks in transitioning from theoretical advocacy to practical implementation through a core “five-step cycle” framework. It elaborates on eight strategic pathways, including governance architecture, data-driven methodologies, and multidisciplinary synergy, while achieving high integration with the global action plan and monitoring framework. The guide offers significant benchmarks for refining infection prevention and control professional security mechanisms, enhancing the clinical translation efficacy of surveillance data, and deepening multidisciplinary integration in China. It provides theoretical support and a practical reference for constructing a high-quality modern infection prevention and control macro-governance system and formulating related policies.