ObjectiveTo observe the influence and interaction of duodenal jejunal bypass (DJB) and hepatic branch of vagus on glucose metabolism, and fasting serum glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY) in non-obese rat with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MethodsForty non-obese Wistar rats (GK) with T2DM were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group (SO group), sham operation plus hepatic branch of vagus resection (HBVR) group (SO+HBVR group), DJB group, and DJB+ HBVR group. The changes of preoperative and postoperative body weight, fasting blood glucose level, fasting serum insulin level, fasting serum GLP-1 and PYY contents among four groups were observed. ResultsIn the DJB group, the postoperative body weight and fasting blood glucose level were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and the fasting insulin level, fasting serum GLP-1 and PYY contents were increased significantly (P < 0.05) as compared with the preoperative corresponding values in the same group, and it was found that the hepatic branch of vagus could more lastingly maintain postoperative lower body weight (P < 0.05), improve the level of insulin (P < 0.05), increase the fasting serum GLP-1 and PYY contents (P < 0.05) as compared with the DJB+HBVR group. ConclusionDJB could improve glucose metabolism effect of GK rats, the hepatic branch of vagus might play a role in it, too.