This paper explores the methodological characteristics and key considerations of umbrella trials. By allocating different treatment strategies based on patients' molecular features, umbrella trials significantly enhance screening efficiency and can quickly identify ineffective therapies. Through the analysis of patient allocation strategies, statistical model selection, and error control methods, we can better utilize this design to accelerate drug development and achieve more efficient personalized treatment. However, despite significant progress in methodology and practice, umbrella trials still face multiple challenges during implementation, including trial design, sample size calculation, patient recruitment, informed consent, and resource allocation. Addressing these challenges in the future will help further optimize the application of umbrella trials. This study aims to provide thoughts and inspirations for researchers conducting umbrella trials and promote the steady development of this field.
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) are the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of medical interventions, and the quality of their reporting is critical to clinical practice and scientific research. Consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) statements and their extended tools are the core standards for reporting quality of RCT. Since its first publication in 1996, it has been updated and expanded several times, and has become the authoritative guideline in the field of clinical research worldwide. This paper systematically reviews the evolution of CONSORT from its foundation version in 1996 to the latest version in 2025, and analyzes the classification and application scenarios of five categories of CONSORT extension tools (research design/analysis type oriented, subject domain oriented, reporting process-oriented, research focus oriented, and interdisciplinary integration oriented) in detail. CONSORT has significantly improved the transparency, reproducibility, and scientific rigor of RCT reporting, especially in reducing the risk of bias, standardizing data sharing, and promoting open science. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as concept misuse, insufficient cross-cultural adaptation, resource limitation, and mechanization. The CONSORT system needs to be promoted into high-quality practice worldwide through the development of multilingual resources, the application of intelligent tools and international cooperation, so as to provide continuous support for the standardization and evidence transformation of clinical research.
ObjectiveTo analyze the 2023 learning society construction project in order to provide references for researchers in this field. MethodsExcel 2021 software was used to summarize and comb the list of key tasks for the construction of a learning society in 2023 (field of higher continuing education) published on the official website of the Chinese Ministry of Education, and to visually analyze the research topics of key tasks in the medical field and the distribution of applicants. ResultsThe analysis found that a total of 250 projects were shortlisted in the cultivation and construction list, including 100 teaching reform and innovation tasks of continuing education for academic degrees, 100 reform and innovation tasks of non-academic education, and 50 tasks to explore the path of coordinated innovation of the three education. The project involved digital transformation, education and teaching reform, ideological and political education, etc. There were 17 medical projects, accounting for 6.8% of the total number of key tasks. The 17 medical key task declaration units were distributed in 12 provinces (regions), which were mainly concentrated in East China, and the construction of "non-double first-class" universities as the main force; The results mainly focused on personnel training and education and teaching reform. ConclusionThe analysis results of the key task list of 2023 learning society construction (field of higher continuing education) provide important references and enlightenment for the researchers in the field of education, and provide guidance and references for the future development of higher continuing education.