Objective To assess the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and gastric cancer in Chinese population. Methods Relevant literatures were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine Database, Chinese Science and Technology Academic Journal, Chinese Journal Full-Text Database, and Wanfang database, the period ranged from their inception to June 2016, and then meta analysis was performed by Stata 10.0 software. Results A meta-analysis of 13 case-control studies enrolled was performed, including 2 569 gastric cancer patients and 3 495 controls. Results of meta-analysis showed that, in Chinese population, CC was a protective factor for gastric cancer comparing with CT 〔OR=0.75, 95% CI is (0.67, 0.85), P=0.001〕 , CT was a protective factor for gastric cancer comparing with TT 〔OR=0.77, 95% CI is (0.68, 0.89), P=0.001〕 , CC was a protective factor for gastric cancer comparing with TT 〔OR=0.56, 95% CI is (0.49, 0.65), P=0.02〕 , CC was a protective factor for gastric cancer comparing with CT+TT 〔OR=0.68, 95% CI is (0.61, 0.76), P=0.001〕 , CC+CT was a protective factor for gastric cancer comparing with TT 〔OR=0.73, 95% CI is (0.60, 0.89), P=0.002〕 . Conclusion There is association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and gastric cancer in Chinese population.