Objective To summarize the best evidence for posture management in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders, and to provide an evidence-based reference for clinical posture management, musculoskeletal deformity prevention and functional outcome improvement. Methods The evidence-based question was formulated using the PIPOST framework. A systematic search was performed following the 6S evidence model in UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, CBM, VIP and Wanfang Data, from January 2021 to May 2026. ResultsA total of 35 articles were included, consisting of 5 guidelines, 20 systematic reviews/Meta-analyses, 8 randomized controlled trials and 2 expert consensuses. Twelve pieces of best evidence were extracted across 6 domains: 24-hour posture management, disease-specific interventions, assessment tools, stratified functional intervention, nighttime postural support and emerging technologies. ConclusionThe summarized best evidence for posture management in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders helps standardize clinical postural interventions, reduce the risk of musculoskeletal deformities, and support stratified, individualized rehabilitation management.
Objective To investigate the content characteristics and main influencing factors of patient complaints in online medical consultation. Methods Online medical consultation data from 2020 to 2024 were collected from an internet hospital platform of a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu Province. Valid complaint texts were analyzed using latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling. Results A total of 176 309 valid consultation records were included, including 5 872 valid complaint texts. The overall complaint rate for online consultations was 3.3%. Complaints were primarily concentrated on low responsiveness, complex service processes, and insufficient professional quality, with “no response” accounting for the highest proportion (40.4%). There were statistically significant differences in complaint rates among different genders, ages, consultation departments, consultation fees, and consultation years (P<0.05). Conclusions Patient complaints in online medical consultations show clear structural characteristics. Optimizing physician responsiveness, simplifying service processes, and enhancing professional communication skills are important strategies to reduce complaint risks.