ObjectiveTo observe the number and distribution characteristics of the peripheral retinal vessels in the eyes of patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). MethodsA retrospective clinical study. From October 2020 to April 2025, 33 patients (33 eyes) diagnosed with FEVR (FEVR group) and 27 healthy volunteers (27 eyes) during the same period (normal control group) at the Department of Ophthalmology of Xuzhou First People's Hospital were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent ultra-wide-angle fluorescein angiography, and clear venous-phase images were selected. Centered on the fovea centralis, the retina was divided into two concentric circular zones, sequentially defining the posterior pole, mid-periphery, and far-periphery regions. The measurement areas were manually outlined using ImageJ software: the nasal far-peripheral region was defined as the area extending 1 400 pixels nasally and 2 000 pixels vertically from the fovea; the temporal mid-peripheral region was defined as the area extending 1 000 pixels temporally and 1 500 pixels vertically from the fovea. The nasal and temporal vertical ranges were subdivided into the entire range, and the upper, middle, and lower subgroups. The total number of vessels and inter-vessel distances in the four regions (nasal and temporal) of both groups were compared and observed. Comparisons between the two groups were performed using independent samples t test. ResultsCompared with the normal control group, the total number of retinal vessels in the entire range and different directions of both the nasal far-peripheral region (t=?3.88, ?2.34, ?2.23, ?3.80) and the temporal mid-peripheral region (t=?5.50; Z=?2.78; t=?3.53, ?5.00) increased in the FEVR group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the inter-vessel distances of the entire range in the nasal far-peripheral region and the middle subgroup in the temporal mid-peripheral region (t=?2.71, ?2.24; P＜0.05). ConclusionCompared with the normal control group, the number of vessels increases and the inter-vessel distances decreases in both the nasal far-peripheral region and the temporal mid-peripheral region of FEVR eyes.