Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of hospital-acquired influenza. Methods Medical records of inpatients admitted to West China Hospital, Sichuan University from 2020 to 2023 were retrospectively collected to analyze the three-distribution (temporal, spatial and population). Propensity score matching combined with generalized linear model were adopted to compare the differences in length of hospital stay and various medical expenses between the hospital-acquired influenza group and the control group, so as to explore the impacts of hospital-acquired influenza on the length of hospital stay and medical costs of inpatients. Results A total of 970 366 hospitalized patients were included, among whom 588 hospitalized influenza cases were enrolled, including 175 cases of hospital-acquired influenza and 413 cases of community-acquired influenza. A control group of 175 cases was matched using propensity score matching. The hospitalization duration [19.00 (13.00, 35.00) vs. 10.00 (6.00, 16.50) days, P<0.001] and total medical expenses [34 764.13 (17 851.96, 110 687.64) vs. 14 769.48 (8 028.96, 37 123.71) yuan, P<0.001] of hospital-acquired influenza patients were higher than those of the control group. The results of the generalized linear models showed that hospital-acquired influenza could prolong hospitalization duration (P<0.001) and increase total hospitalization costs (P<0.001). Conclusions Hospital-acquired influenza significantly prolongs the length of hospital stay and increases medical expenditures of inpatients, which greatly aggravates the disease burden of patients and medical institutions. Therefore, medical institutions should attach importance to the prevention and control of influenza virus in hospitals to reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired influenza.
Objective To establish a novel stratified framework for classifying the co-occurrence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), and to characterize its frequency, distribution, and associated factors. Methods A retrospective study was conducted among patients with microbiological results positive for CRAB and/or CRKP at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University in 2025. Based on the interval between specimen collection dates, CRAB-CRKP co-occurrence was classified as confirmed co-occurrence (same day), probable co-occurrence (≤2 days), or possible co-occurrence (>2 days). Co-occurrence sites were also categorized. Descriptive analyses were performed to characterize CRAB and CRKP detection, and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with CRAB-CRKP co-occurrence. Results A total of 2421 patients were included, of whom 347 (14.3%) had CRAB-CRKP co-occurrence, including 237 (9.8%) with confirmed co-occurrence, 14 (0.6%) with probable co-occurrence, and 96 (4.0%) with possible co-occurrence. Among the 347 patients with co-occurrence, 274 (79.0%) had CRAB and CRKP detected at the same anatomical site. A total of 694 relevant specimens were included, of which 571 (82.3%) were respiratory specimens. Multivariable logistic regression showed that trauma was independently associated with CRAB-CRKP co-occurrence [odds ratio (OR)=2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.09, 3.70), P=0.025]; compared with the combined group of other departments, admission to the Neurology Center [OR=3.28, 95%CI (1.88, 5.73)], Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine [OR=2.76, 95%CI (1.77, 4.31)], Trauma Center [OR=2.47, 95%CI (1.37, 4.45)], Department of Intensive Care Medicine [OR=2.32, 95%CI (1.56, 3.43)], and Emergency Department [OR=1.96, 95%CI (1.35, 2.86)] was significantly associated with CRAB-CRKP co-occurrence (P<0.05). Conclusions CRAB-CRKP co-occurrence was relatively common among patients with CRAB and/or CRKP detected in the two hospitals, with confirmed co-occurrence and detection at the same anatomical site being the predominant patterns. Respiratory specimens were the major specimen type. Trauma and admission to the Neurology Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Trauma Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, and Emergency Department were independently associated with CRAB-CRKP co-occurrence.