Objective To investigate the incidence of full-term prelabor rupture of membranes (FPROM) and risk factors for FPROM. Methods A prospective nested case-control study was performed on pregnant women in early pregnancy and their spouses, who underwent prenatal examination for the first time in Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care from May 2021 to December 2022. Pregnant women with a clear diagnosis of FPROM were included in the case group, and pregnant women without FPROM were randomly selected at a 1∶3 ratio for inclusion in the control group. A questionnaire survey was performed to collect exposure information possibly related to FPROM. The hospital's medical record system was used for information verification and to record the pregnancy outcomes. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for FPROM. Results The incidence of FPROM in this study was 24.27%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that obesity pregnant women, smoking, drinking, unbalanced diet, high-intensity physical activity during pregnancy, eating areca nut before pregnancy, using glucocorticoids during pregnancy, older at the time of first pregnancy, a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes, a history of pregnancy complications, a history of diabetes, a history of scar uterus, no folate supplementation during pregnancy, repeated intrauterine operations, polyembryony, polyhydramnios, transverse fetus and fetal cephalopelvic disproportion as the way of conception were risk factors for FPROM (P<0.05). Additionally, the pregnant women whose spouses were obese or smoked or drinking had an increased risk of FPROM (P<0.05). Lower gravidity and lower parity were protective factors against FPROM (P<0.05). Conclusion There are many risk factors for FPROM. Special attention should be given to the life behaviors of pregnant women during pregnancy, and health education should be strengthened for pregnant women and their spouses to help them develop good living habits and reduce the incidence of FPROM.