ObjectiveTo systematically review the survival rate of different vascularized bone flaps in mandibular defect repair and reconstruction by Bayesian network meta-analysis. MethodsThe PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect clinical studies related to the objectives from inception to February 2024. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. The Bayesian network meta-analysis was carried out applying R software. ResultsA total of 24 studies involving 1 615 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the respective survival rates of fibula free flap (FFF), deep circumferential iliac artery flap (DCIA), scapula flap, and osteocutaneous radial forearm flap (ORFF) were 95.62%, 94.09%, 98.16%, and 93.75%. Moreover, the network meta-analysis failed to show a statistically significant difference between all comparators. Conclusion?Current evidence shows that different vascularized bone flaps have similar survival rates in mandibular defect repair and reconstruction. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.