Abstract： Surgery is an effective therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The standard operation includes lobectomy and systematic dissection of lymph nodes. However, postoperative tumor recurrence is common even among incipient patients due to incomplete dissection of lymph nodes and micrometastasis of lymph nodes. Injecting a carbon nanoparticles suspension is a new technique aimed at preventing this recurrence. The carbon nanoparticles carry lymph node tracers that help surgeons locate lymph nodes in order to clean them thoroughly. The tracers also target the lymph nodes for chemotherapy, thus killing residual tumor cells intraoperatively to avoid postoperative cancer recurrence. Carbon nanoparticles suspension injection is already widely and successfully used in surgery for gastrointestinal and mammary gland tumors, and is being tested for effectiveness in NSCLC patients. Some studies have indicated that carbon nanoparticles suspension injection is effective in NSCLC patients and improves their prognoses. We reviewed the features, application methods, and clinical applications of studies of carbon nanoparticles suspension injection for NSCLC.