Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy combined with surgery for locally advanced esophageal cancer has become the standard treatment, and despite the survival benefit, most patients still experience postoperative recurrence and distant metastasis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors play an anti-tumor role by activating T cells, and immunotherapy has become one of the important strategies for first-line and second-line treatment of advanced esophageal cancer with the continuous evolution of immunotherapy models. Regarding neoadjuvant immunotherapy for esophageal cancer, a large number of studies are being carried out and explored, which are expected to inject new vitality into neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer. This article reviews the current clinical studies on neoadjuvant immunotherapy for esophageal cancer.