As one of the hot topics in the field of artificial intelligence, large language models are being applied in various domains, including medical research. ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer), as one of the most representative and leading large language models, has gained popularity among researchers due to its logical coherence and natural language generation capabilities. This article reviews the applications and limitations of ChatGPT in three key areas of medical research: scientific writing, data analysis, and drug development. Furthermore, it explores future development trends and provides recommendations for improvement, offering a reference for the application of ChatGPT in medical research.