China’s “15th Five-Year Plan” explicitly proposes the implementation of a health-prioritized development strategy, aiming to comprehensively enhance emergency medical care and response capabilities. In this context, the development of emergency medicine will face new opportunities and challenges. In order to provide theoretical and practical references for the high-quality development of emergency medicine, this paper analyzes the shortcomings in the identification and early warning of critical illnesses, the timeliness of emergency care, and emergency response capabilities in the development of emergency medicine in China. It reviews current practices with cutting-edge technologies in innovating diagnostic and monitoring techniques and equipment, optimizing and integrating resources, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, and leveraging the complementary advantages of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Furthermore, it outlines future development directions.