Objective To construct a core competency evaluation indicator system for health managers. Methods Literature review, research group discussion, and Delphi method were used to establish the core competency indicators for health managers. Results A total of 8 experts completed 2 rounds of inquiries, and 8 questionnaires were distributed in both rounds, all of which were effectively collected. The judgment coefficient of the first round of inquiry was 0.936, the familiarity level was 0.933, the coefficient of expert authority was 0.935, and the Kendall harmony coefficient was 0.216 (P<0.05). The judgment coefficient of the second round of inquiry was 0.925, the familiarity level was 0.950, the coefficient of expert authority was 0.938, and the Kendall harmony coefficient was 0.438 (P<0.05). The final determination of the core competency evaluation indicators for health managers included 4 primary evaluation indicators (ranked in descending order of score as full process health management skills, organizational management ability, professional ethics, and comprehensive knowledge of health management) and 55 secondary indicators. Conclusion The core competency evaluation indicator system for health managers has good scientificity, systematicity, and completeness, which can provide references for defining, evaluating, and training the responsibilities of health managers.