Objective To summarize and analyze the research trends and hotspots on ferroptosis in neurodegenerative disease (ND) both domestically and internationally over the past decade, with the aim of gaining a comprehensive understanding of the global research progress and trends in this field. Methods The literature related to iron death in ND was searched in Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from January 1, 2014 to April 14, 2025. Excel 2019 and CiteSpace 6.4 R1 software were used to analyze data on countries, institutions, authors, citations, and keywords included in the study. Results A total of 1002 articles were included. The annual publication volume showed a continuous growth trend, reaching its peak in 2024. China ranked first with 494 published articles. The core research forces in this field mainly came from universities, research institutes, and hospitals in China, the United States, and Australia. The current research mainly focused on revealing the regulatory network of ferroptosis in specific diseases, identifying relevant biomarkers, and evaluating the potential for targeted therapy. Conclusions The existing literature mainly focuses on mechanism research and therapeutic application. In the future, in-depth research is required on the development of targeted ferroptosis therapeutic drugs and the precise elucidation of molecular pathways governing ferroptosis in ND, so as to advance theoretical breakthroughs and clinical translation of ferroptosis research related to ND.