Currently, the aging population in China is severe, and the number of elderly patients with diseases has increased accordingly. In the emergency department, middle-aged and elderly patients account for a relatively high proportion, and malnutrition is prevalent among elderly patients, which affects their health and clinical outcomes from various aspects. However, the attention of emergency medical staff to malnutrition is far lower than that of the diseases themselves in elderly patients, and the screening and evaluation of malnutrition are far lower than those of other specialties and inpatient departments. Therefore, this paper expounds the epidemiological status, nutritional assessment, diagnosis, treatment and influencing factors of malnutrition in elderly patients in emergency department, in order to help emergency medical staff strengthen the attention and intervention of elderly malnutrition patients.
Bloodstream infections are featured by acute onset, rapid progression and high mortality. Early identification and accurate prognostic assessment are crucial for improving patient outcomes. This article reviews five novel biomarkers in assessing the severity and prognosis of patients with acute bloodstream infection, namely soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1, soluble form of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, presepsin, heparin-binding protein and microRNAs, all of which are positively correlated with the severity of patients’ condition, and some perform better than traditional biomarkers. However, they still have limitations such as inadequate specificity or sensitivity and lack of large-scale verification. In the future, it is necessary to integrate molecular detection and artificial intelligence to optimize application strategies and provide personalized diagnosis and treatment.