Purpose Researching the relared risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) through the epidemiological investigation. Methods Basing on a population random sampling survey and screening in 6 areas and cities of Anhui,216 diabetics were screened and they were then investigated in detail by filling in forms,measuring blood pressure,ocular examination including ophthalmoscopy,and lab examination including fasting blood glucose (FBG),blood glucose 2 hours after meal,urine albumin excretion (UAE),serum triglyceride,and cholesterol. Results The resultant date revealed that the duration of diabetes,blood pressure FBG and UAE were associated significantly with DR (Plt;0.05),and serum triglyceride and cholesterol were associated not significantly with DR(Pgt;0.05). Conclusion Long duration of diabetes,hight FBG and hight blood pressure are the important risk factors of DR,and urine albumin might forebode the occurrence of DR. (中華眼底病雜志,1998,14:119-121)