Objective To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of Dulaglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the rapid health technology assessment (rHTA) method, providing a basis for medical insurance payment decisions and rational clinical use. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, SinoMed, Yiigle, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and INAHTA databases were electronically searched to collect studies on Dulaglutide for T2DM from January 1, 2021 to November 5, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias of the included studies and synthesized data. Results A total of 58 studies were included, comprising 46 practical clinical trials, 4 observational studies, and 8 economic evaluations. In terms of effectiveness, Dulaglutide showed superiority over comparator drugs in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI). Meta-analysis demonstrated a statistical advantage for Dulaglutide over metformin in improving HbA1c (MD=?1.18) and BMI (MD=?0.80). Regarding safety, Dulaglutide had a lower risk of hypoglycemia compared to insulin, but a relatively higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions. In terms of economics, most studies indicated that Dulaglutide demonstrated favorable cost-effectiveness from the perspective of Chinese healthcare system, although its economic advantage over other GLP-1 receptor agonists remains debatable. Conclusion After its inclusion in the medical insurance, Dulaglutide demonstrates good effectiveness and safety in T2DM management, along with favorable economic performance, thus possessing value for both medical insurance payment and clinical application. It is recommended to improve the quality of post-marketing real-world studies to provide further evidence for dynamic medical insurance adjustments.