Objective To investigate the effects of different intervention time windows of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) training on cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, and the myocardial cell death profiles after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice. Methods C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into the sham surgery group, IRI group, pre-ischemia 3-day intervention group, immediate intervention during the ischemic period after left anterior descending artery ligation group, post-reperfusion immediate intervention group, and post-reperfusion 3-day intervention group, with 6 mice in each group. RIC intervention involved limb ischemia for 5 minutes followed by reperfusion for 5 minutes, repeated for 5 cycles. The heart function, myocardial infarction area, degree of myocardial fibrosis, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins, pyroptosis-related proteins, and ferroptosis-related proteins in myocardial tissue were measured. Results Compared with the sham surgery group, the IRI group showed a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening (P<0.05). Compared with the IRI group, all RIC training intervention groups showed varying degrees of improvement in cardiac function (P<0.05), and the deposition of myocardial collagen fibers was reduced. Compared with the IRI group, the pre-ischemia 3-day intervention group showed a decrease in Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 protein expression and an increase in Bcl-2 protein expression (P<0.05). The myocardial infarction area was reduced in the immediate intervention during the ischemic period after left anterior descending artery ligation group (P<0.05). The expression of GPX4 and xCT proteins increased in the post-reperfusion immediate intervention group (P<0.05). The expression of GPX4 and xCT proteins increased, while the expression of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 and caspase-1 proteins decreased in the post-reperfusion 3-day intervention group (P<0.05). Conclusion Different time windows of RIC can alleviate cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in mice with myocardial IRI to varying degrees, and their protective effects vary across different intervention time windows.