Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of comorbid anxiety and/or depressive disorders among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Yangpu District, Shanghai. Methods A cross-sectional study included 343 COPD patients hospitalized at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, from December 2022 to April 2024. The patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire, and were divided into a COPD with anxiety and/or depression disorders group and a pure COPD group. Sociodemographic factors, medical history, clinical features, and laboratory data were collected. LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify influencing factors. Results Among 343 COPD patients, 77 patients (22.45%) had comorbid anxiety and/or depression disorders, including 39 patients (11.37%) with anxiety, 63 patients (18.37%) with depression, and 25 patients (7.29%) with both conditions. Independent risk factors included heavier economic burden (OR=2.85, 95%CI 1.52-5.34), living alone (OR=0.28, 95%CI 0.13-0.57), reduced cholinesterase levels (OR=0.43, 95%CI 0.23-0.80), increased acute exacerbation frequency in the past year (OR=1.99, 95%CI 1.34-2.95), and higher COPD assessment test (CAT) scores (OR=1.10, 95%CI 1.05-1.15). The logistic model exhibited strong diagnostic performance (AUC=0.82, 95%CI 0.76-0.87). Conclusions The prevalence of emotional disorders among COPD patients in Yangpu District is high, affecting nearly one-quarter of the patients. Economic burden, living arrangements, cholinesterase levels, acute exacerbation frequency, and CAT scores are independent predictors for comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders.