Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) is commonly used to treat arrhythmias. The amount of CIED implantation has increased year by year since its first application in 1958. At the same time, the CIED infection rate also increases significantly. Although the infection rate is very low for the primary implantation, the consequences of CIED infection are serious, and it is often necessary to remove the equipment for treatment. The mortality rate in patients with CIED infections is high, and the economic burden is huge. In this paper, the epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathogen, manifestations and diagnosis, risk factors, treatment and preventive measures of CIED infection were systematically described based on the recently published guidelines and international consensus literature, so as to provide theoretical guidance for the prevention of CIED infections.