Objective To detect the expressions of osteopontin （OPN）， breast tumor kinase （Brk）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the breast cancer tissue， the adjacent （2cm） normal breast tissue， and the distal（＞5cm） normal breast tissue， and analyze their clinical significances. Method The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of OPN， Brk， and VEGF in the breast cancer tissue， the adjacent （2cm） normal breast tissue， and the distal （＞5cm） normal breast tissue from 40 cases of breast cancer. Results ① The expressions of OPN，Brk， and VEGF in the breast cancer tissue were significantly higher than those of the adjacent （2cm） normal breast tissue and the distal （＞5cm） normal breast tissue （P＜0.01）， the expression of Brk in the adjacent （2cm） normal breast tissue was significantly higher than that of the distal （＞5 cm） normal breast tissue （P＜0.05）. ② In the breast cancer tissue， the OPN and Brk protein expressions were not associated with age， tumor diameter， and histological grade （P＞0.05），were associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage （P＜0.05）. The VEGF protein expression was not associated with age and tumor diameter （P＞0.05）， but was associated with histological grade， lymph node metastasis， and TNM staging （P＜0.05）. ③ In the breast cancer tissue， OPN， Brk， and VEGF had positive correlation with each other （P＜0.05）， but not in the adjacent （2cm） normal breast tissue and the distal （＞5 cm） normal breast tissue （P＞0.05）. Conclusions The expressions of OPN and Brk from the same signal pathway increase by turns in the distal （＞5 cm） normal breast tissue， adjacent （2cm） normal breast tissue， and breast cancer tissue. OPN induced the adhesion and migration of endothelial cells to accelerate vascular repair through VEGF and Brk has correlation with the progress of tumor invasion and metastasis through participating in tumor vascularization.
Objective To study the relationship between metalloproteinases (MMPs) and breast cancer. Methods The literature in recent years on the relationship between the expression of MMPs and breast cancer was reviewed. Results The balance between MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is keeping normally kept in human body. Many of the studies showed that the expression of MMPs is increased in breast cancer. Conclusion The growth, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer is closely related with the increased expression of MMPs. This suggests that MMPs is a valuable prognostic marker and TIMPs would be a novel drug against cancer.
Objective To observe the effectiveness of IMPACT management mode on self-care and management abilities of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy with implantable venous access port (VAP). Methods Breast cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy with VAP at Shangjin Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University between March 2020 and June 2021 were prospectively included. IMPACT mode was used for self-management training guidance. The patient self-care abilities before training and at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months of training were compared, and the patient self-management abilities at 1 month and 3 months of training were compared. Results A total of 74 patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy with VAP were included. The total score of self-care ability of patients before training and at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months of training was 112.11±14.63, 123.20±15.73, 127.95±13.89, and 131.92±13.60, respectively, and all the between-time-point differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In terms of self-concept score, all the between-time-point differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) with increasing score over time, except the difference between the score at 3 months of training and that at 2 months of training (P>0.05). In terms of self-responsibility and self-care skill scores, all the between-time-point differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) with increasing scores over time, except the difference between the score at 2 months of training and that at 1 month of training (P>0.05). In terms of health knowledge level, the scores at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months of training were higher than that before training (P<0.05), and the score at 3 months of training was higher than that at 1 month of training (P<0.05). The self-management ability scores in all dimensions at 3 months of training were higher than those at 1 month of training, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The IMPACT management mode can effectively improve the self-care and management abilities of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy with VAP, thereby ensuring the normal use of VAP, reducing the occurrence of complications, and reducing the burden on families and society.
ObjectiveTo investigate effectiveness of the combination of serratus anterior muscle flap and breast implants for breast reconstruction after modified radical mastectomy.MethodsBetween January 2015 and December 2015, 25 female patients with breast cancer were enrolled, aged 24-62 years (mean, 40.6 years). The tumor located at left side in 9 cases and right side in 16 cases; 14 cases were in the left upper quadrant, 4 cases were in the left lower quadrant, 7 cases were on the top of the breast. All cases were invasive ductal carcinoma. According to TNM staging, 14 cases were at stageⅠand 11 cases were at stageⅡA. The diameter of lumps were all less than 3 cm. All those lumps were solitary and without distant metastasis. The sentinel nodes were all negative. After modified radical mastectomy, the breasts were reconstructed by serratus anterior muscle flap and breast implants. The nipples were spared in 22 cases.ResultsThe operation time was 113-148 minutes (mean, 136 minutes). All breasts survived and incisions healed at stageⅠ. There was no complication such as hematoma, infection, etc. All patients were followed up 6-18 months (mean, 15 months). Except 1 case, the others were evaluated according to the criteria of the reconstructed breast at 12 months after operation. Among them, 23 cases were evaluated as good and 1 case as fair. There was no tumor recurrence during the follow-up period.ConclusionThe combination of serratus anterior muscle flap and breast implants after the modified radical mastectomy is a handy approach of breast reconstruction which is less harmful with few postoperative complications. It also gains a high degree of satisfaction from patients for good breast shape.
Biodistribution of125I-labeled 17α-vinyestradiol-3-acetate (125I-VE2A)in nude mice bearing human breast cancer containing different estrogen receptor (ER) content was studied to understand the relation between this compound and ER and, consequently, to develop the ER imaging. Each mouse was injected with 92.5 kBq tracer from tail vein and then killed after two hours. The radioactivity uptake rate in one gram of tumor tissue and tissues from other vital organs were measured, and the radioactivity uptake ratio of tumor to nontumor tissue was also measured. Results: The radioactivity uptake rate and the radioactivity uptake ratio of tumor to nontumor tissue in ER positive tumor (MCF-7) were much higher than those in ER negative tumor (MDA-MB-231). Conclusions: This compound, IVE2A has affinity to ER positive target organ or tumor and promise the probability to define the content and site of ER in vivo or in tumor.
ObjectiveTo analyze the latest epidemiological status of breast cancer in China, trends in morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2019, and related prognostic risk factors.MethodsData on incidence and mortality of Chinese female breast cancer, their related age-standardized rates (ASRs) from 1990 to 2019, and attributable risk factors were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, and data on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of 34 provinces in China were obtained from literature. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to analyze the trends of ASRs. The exposure levels of each attributable risk factor and the increased cancer burden were analyzed.ResultsThe incidence of breast cancer in Chinese females increased annually, from 17.07/100 000 in 1990 to 35.61/100 000 in 2019, while the mortality rate initially increased and decreased, and then exhibited an upward trend after 2016 and there was no obvious variation from 1990 (9.16/100 000) to 2019 (9.02/100 000). Among the 34 provinces of China, Shandong Province had the most serious breast cancer burden, while Macao Special Administrative Region had the lowest. Among the seven prognostic risk factors, high body mass index (BMI) contributed the most to the breast cancer burden and the exposure risk of a diet high in red meat had shown a significant increasing trend in the past 30 years. Therefore, the disease burden caused by a high red meat diet would be increasing.ConclusionsThe incidence rate of breast cancer in Chinese females is increasing. With the development of social economy and the change of people’s dietary habits, the breast cancer burden in China trends to become heavier and heavier. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the "three early" prevention and treatment and advocate healthy and reasonable diet and living habits to reduce the burden of breast cancer to improve prognosis and quality of life.
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of exogenous estrogen receptor β1 (ERβ1) gene on the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) as well as the changes of proliferation ability in MDA-MB-231 cell line by transfecting recombinant eukaryotic expressing vector containing ERβ1 cDNA into human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell. MethodsRecombinant eukaryotic expressing vector containing ERβ1 cDNA was transfected into human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell by using cationic liposome as transfecting agent (acted as pcDNA3.1ERβ1 transfection group), empty vector group and non-transfection group acted as controls. The expression levels in both the mRNA and protein of both the ERβ1 and hTERT were tested by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The change of proliferation ability in MDA-MB-231 cell was displayed by cell growth curve, and the change of cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. ResultsThe expression level of ERβ1 mRNA in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group (0.449±0.077) significantly increased as compared with the nontransfection group (0.153±0.035) or the empty vector group (0.160±0.020), P=0.001 or P=0.000. The expression level of ERβ1 protein in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group (0.847±0.065) significantly increased as compared with the non-transfection group (0.356±0.050) or the empty vector group (0.390±0.030), P=0.001 or P=0.000. The expression level of hTERT mRNA in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group (0.127±0.020) significantly decreased as compared with the non-transfection group (0.283±0.025) or the empty vector group (0.283±0.049), P=0.001 or P=0.002. The expression level of hTERT protein in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group (0.147±0.023) significantly decreased as compared with the non-transfection group (0.783±0.025) or the empty vector group (0.802±0.019), P=0.001 or P=0.002. The rate of cell apoptosis in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group 〔(6.15±0.94)%〕 was higher than that in the non-transfection group 〔(1.41±0.42)%〕， P=0.001. Cell proliferation curve showed that proliferation ability significantly decreased in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfected groups as compared with the non-transfection group (Plt;0.05). ConclusionERβ1 could inhibit cell growth of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell by down-regulating the expression of hTERT.
Objective To detect the expressions of CK5/6 and Ki-67 in breast cancer， and explore the clinical significance. Methods The expressions of CK5/6 and Ki-67 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 162 cases of breast cancer . The correlation between CK5/6 expression and Ki-67 expression and the relationship of the expressions of two factors to the clinicopathologic factors were analyzed. Results There were 12 cases of the triple negative breast cancer 〔negative estrogen receptor （ER）， negative progesterone receptor （PR）， and negative Her-2〕 in 162 patients with breast cancer. The positive rates of CK5/6 and Ki-67 in the breast cancer tissues were 30.9% （50/162） and 65.4% （106/162），respectively. The positive rates of CK5/6 and Ki-67 in the patients with triple negative breast cancer were significantly higher than those of non-triple negative breast cancer 〔CK5/6：75.0% （9/12） versus 27.3% （41/150）， χ2=11.837， P=0.001；Ki-67：100% （12/12） versus 62.7% （94/150）， χ2=6.847， P=0.009〕. The expressions of CK5/6 and Ki-67 in the breast cancer tissues were not associated with age （P＞0.05）， but they were associated with histology grade （P＜0.05）. The expression of CK5/6 wasn’t associated with tumor size and lymph node status （P＞0.05）， but the expression of Ki-67 was associated with them （P＜0.05）. The expression of CK5/6 in the breast cancer tissue had a positive correlation with the expression of Ki-67 in the breast cancer tissue （rs=0.271， P=0.000）. There were 64 cases when the expression of Ki-67 was （＋＋） and （＋＋＋）， the positive rate of CK5/6 was 43.8% （28/64） and it was significantly higher than that when the expression of Ki-67 was （-） and （＋） 〔22.4% （22/98）， χ2=8.233， P=0.004〕. The positive expressions of CK5/6 and Ki-67 in the breast cancer tissues were negatively correlated with the expressions of ER and PR （CK5/6 and ER：rs=-0.446， P=0.000；CK5/6 and PR：rs=-0.370， P=0.000；Ki-67 and ER：rs=-0.518， P=0.000；Ki-67 and PR：rs=-0.515， P=0.000）. The positive expressions of CK5/6 and Ki-67 in the breast cancer tissue were not correlated with the Her-2 expression （CK5/6 and Her-2：rs=0.105， P=0.183；Ki-67 and Her-2：rs=0.068， P=0.393）. Conclusion The expressions of CK5/6 and Ki67 not only can evaluate the basic rules of breast cancer from origin and development， but also they are beneficial to choose the chemotherapy of different patients.
To investigate the relationship between the serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and the stage and prognosis of breast cancer. Using the method of sandwich ELISA, the preoperative and postoperative sIL-2R in 37 cases of breast cancer was measured, 13 patients with benign disease of breast and 40 normals were also measured. The serum sIL-2R levels in patients with breast cancer were significantly higher than that of the benign disease of breast and the normal controls. The serum sIL-2R about twenty days after operation was significantly lower than that before operation. The sIL-2R in patients with breast cancer was correlative to the clinical stage. The serum sIL-2R in stage Ⅲ patients was remarkly higher than both stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ, its sIL-2R about twenty days after operation remained in a high level. This results showed that expression of the serum sIL2R is correlative to the clinical stage and prognosis of the patients with breast cancer, it can be used as a marker of differentiating the benign from malignant disease of breast.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the correlation between the birth number and the risk of breast cancer of Chinese female. MethodsWe electronically searched databases including the CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases from inception to September 1st 2015, to collect case-control studies about the correlation between the number of births and the risk of breast cancer among Chinese female. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed by using Stata software. ResultsA total of 14 case-control studies involving 3 428 patients and 3 906 controls were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that:the females who had term birth had significant lower incidence of breast cancer than those without childbirth history (OR=0.429, 95%CI 0.322 to 0.571). Subgroup analysis based on the number of term birth showed that:Compared with the female without childbirth history, those who had term birth of one time (OR=0.464, 95%CI 0.321 to 0.670), two times (OR=0.394, 95%CI 0.269 to 0.576) and≥3 times (OR=0.340, 95%CI 0.232 to 0.499) had significant lower incidence of breast cancer. ConclusionTerm birth is a protective factor for breast cancer of Chinese female, and more times of term birth will decrease the risk of breast cancer.