OBJECTIVE: To review the advance in materials of nerve conduit and Schwann cell transplantation for preparation of artificial nerve with tissue engineering technique. METHODS: Recent literatures about artificial nerve, nerve conduit and Schwann cell transplantation were extensively reviewed. RESULTS: Many biomaterials such as silicon, dacron, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE), polyester and chitin could be used as nerve conduits to repair nerve defect, the degradable biomaterials were better. The nerve conduit with intrinsic filaments could be used to bridge an extended gap in peripheral nerve. Purified and cultured Schwann cells were still bioactive. Axonal regeneration could be enhanced after implantation of Schwann cells into nerve conduit. CONCLUSION: The ideal artificial nerve is composed of three dimensional biodegradable nerve conduit and bioactive Schwann cells, Schwann cells can be distributed in nerve conduit just like Bünger’s band.
OBJECTIVE: From the point of view of material science, the methods of tissue repair and defect reconstruct were discussed, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), growth factors, gene therapy and tissue engineered tissue. METHODS: The advances in tissue engineering technologies were introduced based on the recent literature. RESULTS: Tissue engineering should solve the design and preparation of molecular scaffold, tissue vascularization and dynamic culture of cell on the scaffolds in vitro. CONCLUSION: Biomaterials play an important role in the tissue engineering. They can be used as the matrices of MSCs, the delivery carrier of growth factor, the culture scaffold of cell in bioreactors and delivery carrier of gene encoding growth factors.
Objective To review the recent progress of the small intestinal submucosa (SIS) in application research of tissue repair and reconstruction. Methods The domestic and international articles on the SIS were reviewed and summarized. Results As a natural extracellular matrix, SIS has outstanding biological advantages, such as good mechanical property, tissue compatibility, and lower immunogenicity. SIS has been used to repair and reconstruct various types of tissue defects in animal models and clinical application, especially in the treatment of hernia, urinary system disease, and refractory skin trauma. The development of the tissue engineering technology expands the field of SIS repair and reconstruction and promotes the intensive study of SIS. However, the long-term effect of SIS in tissue repair and reconstruction still remains to be further observation, while the cell/SIS material construction by tissue engineering technology also needs more studies. Conclusion SIS has a widely promising application future in the tissue repair and reconstruction.
Objective To summarize the latest developments in silk protein fiber as biomaterials and their applications in tissue engineering. Methods Recent original literature on silk protein fiber as biomaterials were reviewed, illustrating the properties of silk protein fiber biomaterials. Results The silk protein fiber has the same functions of supporting the cell adhesion, differentiation and growth as native collagen, and is renewed as novel biomaterials with good biocompatibility, unique mechanical properties and is degradable over a longer time. Conclusion Silk protein-fiber can be used as asuitable matrix for three dimensional cell culture in tissue engineering. It has a great potential applications in other fields.
Objective To review research progress of corneal tissueengineering.Methods The recent articles on corneal tissue engineering focus on source and selection of corneal cells, the effects of growth factors on culture of corneal cells in vitro. The preparation and selection of three-dimensional biomaterial scaffolds and their b and weak points were discussed. Results The corneal tissue engineering cells come from normal human corneal cells. The embryo corneal cell was excellent. Several kinds of growth factors play important roles in culture, growth and proliferation of corneal cell, and incroporated into matrix.Growth factors including basic fibroblast growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor β1 and epidermal growth factor was favor to corneal cell. Collagen, chitosan and glycosaninoglycans were chosen as biomaterial scaffolds. Conclusion Human tissue engineering cornea can be reconstructed and transplanted. It has good tissue compatibility and can be used as human corneal equivalents.
Objective To introduce the development of the collagen materials in drug release and tissue engineering. Methods Literature review and complex analysis were adopted. Results In recent years, some good progress hasbeen made in the studies of collagen, and study on collagen-based materials has become an investigative hotspot especially in tissue engineering. Some new collagen-based drug delivery andengineered materials have come into clinically-demonstrated moment, which willpromote their clinical applications in tissue repairs.ConclusionCollagen has been considered a good potential material in drug release, especially in the tissue-engineering field. To give collagen new characters we should pay more attention to grafting with different function branches through chemistry technique in the future work, except- moderate cross-linking treatment or commingling withother nature or synthesized macromolecules.
Objective To investigate the currently-used biomaterials in reparative and reconstructive surgery and to clarify the relationship between the development of biomaterials and the progress of reparative and reconstructive surgery. Methods Based on the author’s many years’ scientific researches and combined with the literature available at home and abroad, the biomaterials used in the clinical practice, and their kinds and application fields were summarized. Results Based on the sufficient knowledge of the component structure of biomaterials and the patient’s pathological status, the matching biomaterials could be designed and developed. According to the analysis on some common defects occurring in the skin, bone, cartilage, vocalcord, nerve, and drum membrane, the methods of repairing the defects with biomaterials that we had developed, such as collagen, chitosan, and hyaluronate, achieved good results. Conclusion The rapid development of biomaterials can greatly promote progress of reparative and reconstructive surgery andthere exists a dependence relationship between the two. The related histological responses and the importance of biological estimation after implantation of biomaterials should be emphasized.
Objective To introduce the development of dextran-based hydrogel and its drug delivery system in drug sustained and/or controlled release, and to investigate their application in tissue engineering.Methods Related literature was extensively reviewed and comprehensively analyzed. Results In recent years, great progress was made in the studies of dextran-based hydrogels and study on dextran-based intelligent materials became an investigative hotspot especially in tissue engineering. Conclusion Dextran based hydrogel is considered to be a good potential material in field of drug delivery and tissue engineering. Endowed with new characteristics, a series of intelligent biomaterials can be derived from dextran-based hydrogels, which can be widely used in biomedicine. Further study should be done on the industrialization of its interrelated production.
OBJECTIVE To study the biocompatibility on bioactive glass ceramics (BGC) and polylactic acid (PLA) combined with cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in bone tissue engineering. METHODS BMSCs were cultured combined with BGC and PLA in vitro, and the morphological characters, cell proliferation, protein content, and alkaline phosphatase activity were detected. RESULTS: BMSCs could be attached to and extended on both BGC and PLA, and normally grown, proliferated, had active function. BGC could promote cell proliferation. CONCLUSION The results show that both BGC and PLA have good biocompatibility with BMSCs, they can be used as biomaterials for cell transplantation in tissue engineering.
【Abstract】 Objective To summarize the latest developments in silk fibroin as biomaterials and its appl icationsin tissue engineering. Methods The recent original l iterature on silk fibroin as biomaterials were extensively reviewed,illustrating the properties and appl ications of silk fibroin biomaterials in tissue engineering. Results Silk fibroinas biomaterials had good biocompatibil ity and degradabil ity. It supported the cell adhesion differentiation and growth. It was used for artificial l igament, vessel, bone, nerve and so on. After modification, silk fibroin could be extensively used in tissue engineering. Conclusion Silk fibroin is a good biomaterial, which has a great potential appl ications in tissue engineering.