Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AAION) is an ischemic lesion of the anterior optic nerve caused by systemic vasculitis. Among people over 50 years old, although its incidence rate in China is lower than that of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, it often causes a severe drop in vision in one or both eyes and has a very poor prognosis, posing a high risk of blindness. Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a common cause of AAION, yet its incidence in Asian populations is extremely low according to few reports in China. Given that domestic ophthalmologists still have an insufficient understanding of the clinical manifestations and poor prognosis of GCA at present, the Neuro-Ophthalmology Group of the Ophthalmology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to systematically sort out the evidence-based medical evidence at home and abroad. Focusing on GCA as the main cause, this consensus covered aspects such as epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. This consensus is formulated to comprehensively summarize the relevant knowledge of AAION caused by GCA, aiming to enhance clinical identification and standardize diagnosis and treatment levels, thereby increasing the diagnosis rate and reducing the blindness rate.