Objective To investigate the influence of chronic alcohol ingestion on the severity of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by oleic acid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly administrated with alcohol or water for 6 weeks，then instilled with oleic acid and LPS to induce ALI or with normal saline as control.Thus the rats were randomly divided into two injury groups [ethanol group and water group] and two control groups [ethanol group and water group] (n=8 in each group). PaO2,Wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D)，levels of γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in the lung tissue were measured.Results Compared to corresponding control groups，the PaO2 and GSH significantly decreased，and the lung W/D and MDA level were significantly increased in the injury groups (all Plt;0.05).In the injury groups，the changes of above parameters were more significant in the alcohol group than thoe in the water group (all Plt;0.05)，except the lung W/D with no significant difference.Conclusion Chronic ethanol ingestion was relevalent to oxidation/ antioxidation imbalance and more severe lung injury in rats with severe septic after trauma,which suggests that chronic alcohol abuse could increase the severity of acute lung injury.
Objective To compare the effectiveness of integrated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with Western medicine and Western medicine alone for acute episodes of withdrawal in alcoholism. Methods According to the criteria of alcohol dependence and acute alcochol withdrawal syndrome of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) , 62 consecutive patients were divided into two groups: 31 patients with odd numbers were allocated to the treatment group (4 patients were excluded because they left hospital early), 31 patients with even numbers were allocated to the control group. According to the four diagnostic methods of TCM, all patients in the treatment group were further divided into 4 types. The treatment group received valium, tiopronin, transfusion therapy and herbs (potion per day). The control group received the same therapy as the treatment group did but without oral herbs. Results Liver function, especially the difference between before and after treatment of GOT and γ-GT,the treatment group showed more improvement than the control group (P=0.046 and 0.001). The scores of anxiety and depression test, especially the HAMD, the treatment group showed more improvement than the control group (t=3.165, P=0.003). The treatment group used significantly less time than the control group (P=0.01), but no statistically significant difference was seen in the dosage of valium between the two groups (P=0.434). Conclusions The efficacy of integrated TCM with Western medicine is better than Western medicine alone for acute episodes of withdrawal in alcoholism.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the relationship between maternal alcoholic consumption during pregnancy and the occurrence of childhood cancer in offspring. MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, and CBM databases were electronically searched to obtain related case-control and cohort studies from inception to December 2024. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included articles. Meta-analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.4 software. ResultsA total of 18 articles involving 9 childhood tumors' outcome were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with women who never drink alcohol during pregnancy, alcoholic consumption during pregnancy increased the incidence risk of childhood cancer (OR=1.13, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.26, P=0.04). Subgroup analysis showed that alcoholic consumption during pregnancy significantly increased the incidence risk of acute leukemia (OR=1.17, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.30, P=0.002) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (OR=1.23, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.48, P=0.03). ConclusionThe current evidence suggests that alcoholic consumption during pregnancy significantly increases the incidence risk of childhood cancer in offspring, particularly acute leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included articles, more high-quality birth cohort studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
【摘要】 目的 觀察長期大量酒精攝入對大鼠心肌結構及心肌組織中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和金屬硫蛋白(MT)含量的影響,探討氧化應激在酒精性心肌病大鼠中的作用。 方法 雄性健康SD大鼠45只,隨機分為2組,即對照組20只和模型組25只。模型組酒精濃度從5%、10%、20%和30%依次各自由飲1周,然后遞增至36%后以該濃度維持飼喂。對照組每日飲用與模型組酒精同等熱量的葡萄糖水。6個月后,觀察大鼠心肌組織的形態學改變及超微結構的變化,測定心肌組織中MDA、SOD及MT的含量。結果 模型組大鼠心肌細胞排列紊亂、間質充血、炎細胞浸潤、線粒體腫脹、空泡形成、肌絲溶解、核膜不規則和核仁裂解。心肌組織中MDA含量明顯升高(Plt;0.01),SOD活力含量明顯降低(Plt;0.01),MT含量明顯降低(Plt;0.01)。 結論 長期攝入大量酒精可使氧自由基代謝失衡,導致心肌損傷。氧化應激在酒精性心肌病發病機制中發揮著重要的作用。【Abstract】 Objective To observe the effect of longterm and large quantities of alcohol intake on myocardial structure of rats and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and metallothionein (MT) in myocardium tissue. To study the effect of oxidative stress on the rats with alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Methods Fortyfive male and healthy SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (20 rats) and model group (25 rats).The alcoholic concentrate in model group was increased from 5%,10%,20% to 30% every week, and maintain free drinking mass concentration of 36% alcohol. The control group drink the same calories of glucose water. Six months later, the myocardial tissues were observed both in light microscope and electron microscope .The level of MDA、SOD and MT were tested in myocardium tissue. Results In the model rats, the cells of myocardial disarray, interstitial congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, mitochondrial swelling, vacuole formation, melt filaments, irregular nuclear membrane and nucleolus cracking. The content of MDA incresed(Plt;0.01)and the activities of SOD decreased(Plt;001),levels of MT decreased (Plt;0.01) in the cardiac muscular tissues in the model group compared with the control group. Conclusion Longterm intake of large amounts of alcohol can break the balance of oxygen free radicals, which leading to the damage of myocardial. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
Objective To explore the relationship between alcohol induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 C/T. Methods From July 2005 to May 2008, eighty-nine male patients with alcohol induced ONFH were selected as the patient group, aged from 24 to58 years old (mean 44.3 years old). The time of drinking was about 17 years, 375 mL/day. The imaging evidence showed ONFH with no other history associated to ONFH. Seventy-seven male healthy adults were selected as the control group, aged from 23 to 52 years old (mean 42.7 years old). The time of drinking was about 14 years, 335 mL/day. The imaging evidence showed no ONFH. The 2 mL blood sample was acquired from every subject. DNA was purified from leucocyte at first, then was ampl icated by PCR, the product of PCR was sequenced at last. The SNP of MTHFR 677 C/T was analyzed with SPSS 12.0 software package. Results The TT genotype and T allele frequencies of MTHFR 677 C/T were 27.2% and 52.0% (P gt; 0.05) in the control group, and the distribution of genotype was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equil ibrium. The genotype frequencies of CC, CT and TT were 23.4% (18 cases), 49.4% (38 cases) and 27.2% (21 cases) in the control group, were 14.6% (13 cases), 36.0% (32 cases) and 49.4% (44 cases) in the patient group; showing statistically significant differences (P lt; 0.05). The allele frequencies of C and T were 48.0% (74) and 52.0% (80) in the control group, and were 32.6% (58) and 67.4% (120) in the patient group; showing statistically significant differences (P lt; 0.05). The frequencies of C, T alleles and TT genotype were higher in the patient group than in the control group, showing statistically significant differences (P lt; 0.05). The odds ratios were 0.523, 1.914 and 2.607, respectively; the 95% confidence interval were 0.335-0.816, 1.226-2.987, 1.359-5.001, respectively. Conclusion The relationship may exist between the SNP of MTHFR 677 C/T and alcohol induced ONFH.
ObjectiveTo explore the potential safety problems of acute alcohol intoxication. MethodsBetweenDecember 2009 and December 2012, 508 patients with acute alcohol intoxication were admitted to the Department ofEmergency of our hospital. We analyzed the potential safety problems of acute alcohol intoxication and made relative countermeasures. ResultsThe 508 cases of acute alcohol intoxication were treated with comprehensive measures, such as physical examination, health condition evaluation, airway patency maintaining, vein channel establishing, accelerating in vivo alcohol exclusion, maintaining consciousness, taking safety protective measures, and strengthening the communication between doctors and patients. There was no accident injury or death occurred. ConclusionWe should pay more attention to the potential safety problems of patients with acute alcohol intoxication, and take measures to ensure their safety.
Objectives To compare umbilical cord daily care protocol in the current clinical setting in which 75% alcohol sterile is used daily for the umbilical and surrounding skins with the WHO-recommended method (dry and clean). Methods A total of 283 full-term newborns were randomly divided into two groups: the trial group (n=181) receiving WHO “dry and clean” protocol that the umbilical cord was open to air (with losing clothes), cleaned by clear water instead of alcohol. The control group (n=102) used the traditional method that after the newborns’ bathing, the umbilical cord and surrounding skins were sterilized with 75% alcohol. The basic condition of the newborns, umbilical departure time and complications around the navel were assessed. And bacterial culture from the newborns’ skins was observed. Results There were no significant differences in departure time of the umbilical cord (7.64±3.29 day vs. 8.50±3.45 days t=1.82, Pgt;0.05), complications (6 patients with slight omphalitis in the trial group and 2 patients with slight omphalitis in the control group), and the skin flora culture between the two groups. The umbilical cord of the newborns dropped off safely. And no fever was found. Conclusion This study does not support that 75% alcohol can prevent the umbilical cord from being infected. Keeping the umbilical cord and surrounding skins dry is important for infection control.
Objective To optimize the in vitro culture system of C57/BL6 marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to investigate the effect of alcohol and acetaldehyde on MSCs. Methods The MSCs were isolated from the femur marrow of C57/BL6 mice and were cultured in the optimized system, so that highlypurified MSCs were harvested and identified by immunohistochemistry. Then, MSCs were cultured in the medium containing alcohol or its metabolic product acetaldehyde, with the following concentration groups: alcohol 5.7，17.0，50.0，100.0 and 150.0 mmol/L; acetaldehyde 4.5, 0.9, 0.18, 0.036, 0.007 2, 0.001 44 , 0.000 28 mmol/L. MSCs were cultured with α-MEM as the control group. After 3 days, their proliferation activity was measured by the MTT method. Results MSCs within 6 passages had a good stability and a high proliferation activity. They were identified to express CD90 but no CD34. The MTT assay showed that alcohol at the concentration greater than 100.0 mmol/L and acetaldehyde at the concentration greater than 4.5 mmol/L could inhibit proliferation of MSCs(P＜0.05) . But the proliferation activity might rise with an increase in the acetaldehyde concentration smaller than 0.18 mmol/L(P＜0.05) . Conclusion Theoptimized culture system can effectively isolate and culture MSCs. Both alcoholand acetaldehyde can inhibit proliferation of MSCs but toxicity of acetaldehydeis more serious.
Objective To evaluate the disinfection efficacy of alcohol-based hand disinfectants for medical glove surface in continuous operation, and explore approaches of improving hand hygiene compliance. Methods Between March and July 2015, and between March and July 2016, all the nurses (n=5) in Blood Collection Room of Outpatient Department with many patients and frequent sterile operation needed were included in this study. Nurses wearing gloves for hand hygiene and disinfection between March and July 2016 were regarded as the observation group, and those who used alcohol-based disinfectants for routine hand hygiene without gloves between March and July 2015 were designated into the control group. The hand hygiene compliance was compared between the two groups. From March to July 2016, alcohol-based hand disinfectants were used for disinfection on the glove surface during continuous blood sampling by nurses with gloves on their hands. Fifty samples were collected respectively after the gloves were used for 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 continuous times for blood sampling. Then, the samples were sent to the bacteriology room for culture. Results All of the 250 samples were qualified, and the bacterial colonies on the surface of gloves were equal to 10 cfu/mL2 or lower. NoStaphylococcus aureus,Escherichiacoli or other pathogens were detected on the glove surface. However, after the gloves were continuously used for 15 times, the gloves of two nurses could not meet the research criteria again because of significant sweating. Conclusions In the process of continuous blood sampling, it is effective to use alcohol-based hand disinfectants to disinfect the surface of medical gloves, which can promote hand hygiene compliance to a certain extent. However, there is a certain limit on the times of usage for medical gloves.
Objective To systematically evaluate the influence of alcohol intervention on the outcome of rats and mice with ischemic stroke. Methods Databases including PubMed, EMbase, BIOSIS and CNKI were electronically searched from establishment dates of databases to June 2012 to retrieve animal experiments on the influence of alcohol intervention on the outcome of rats and mice with ischemic stroke. The relevant studies were identified according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data were extracted, and the quality was evaluated. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software. Results Eight studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that no significant difference was found between the alcohol intervention group and the control group (MD=?6.98%, 95%CI ?20.38% to 6.43%, P=0.31). However, compared with the control group, low dose of acute alcohol intervention (less than 2 g/kg) improved the prognosis of ischemic stroke with a significant difference (MD=?22.83%, 95%CI ?38.77% to ?6.89%, P=0.005), and highly-concentrated of chronic alcohol intervention worsened the cerebral ischemic damage of rats and mice with a significant difference (MD=24.06%, 95%CI 10.54% to 37.58%, P=0.000 5). Conclusion Low dose of acute alcohol intervention (less than 2 g/kg) could improve the prognosis of rats and mice with ischemic stroke which has the potential neuro-protective effects. However, highly-concentrated chronic alcohol intervention could worsen the cerebral ischemic damage. Due to the limitations of the included studies such as publication bias, the influence of alcohol intervention on the outcome of rats and mice with ischemic stroke could be overestimated.