目的 應用循證醫學的基本原理和方法為急性有機磷農藥中毒患者制定合理的治療方案。方法 針對急性有機磷農藥中毒具體病例提出臨床問題,以有機磷農藥、中毒、膽堿酯酶復能劑肟類、中間綜合征等MeSH主題詞及自由詞為關鍵詞,電子檢索ACP Journal Club(1991~2006.4)、Cochrane 圖書館(2006年第1期)、MEDLINE(1966~2006.5)和中國生物醫學文獻數據庫(1980~2006.5),查找與肟類復能劑治療急性有機磷農藥中毒有關的系統評價、臨床隨機對照試驗等,并對所獲證據進行質量評價。結果 檢索到2005年的Cochrane系統評價和2006年Meta分析各1篇,其結果均提示,肟類復能劑對急性有機磷農藥中毒的治療效果不肯定。據此臨床證據,結合醫生經驗及患者家屬意見,對該患者未使用肟類復能劑,而是小劑量阿托品遞減劑量及對癥支持治療。一周后,患者生命體征平穩,臨床癥狀緩解出院。結論 采用循證醫學的方法為急性有機磷中毒患者選擇了合理的治療方案。肟類復能劑對急性有機磷農藥中毒的療效不肯定,尚待大樣本高質量的隨機對照試驗證實。
目的 探討丙泊酚復合瑞芬太尼在患者清醒狀態下實施無痛腸鏡法的可行性。 方法 2011年7月-2012年7月,將160例行無痛腸鏡檢查的患者隨機分為兩組: A組用芬太尼復合丙泊酚麻醉,其中男38例,女42例,平均年齡(48 ± 16)歲,平均體重(53.37 ± 9.5)kg;B組以阿托品0.25~0.5 mg緩慢靜脈注射,繼而以瑞芬太尼+丙泊酚復合液緩慢靜脈滴注,使患者保持清醒狀態,其中男43例,女37例,平均年齡(49 ± 15)歲,平均體重(54.26 ± 8.3)kg。觀察兩組患者檢查中血壓、心率、呼吸、血氧飽和度變化,檢查中體動反應,檢查后蘇醒時間、定向力恢復、行走時間、離室時間,以及對檢查過程的記憶情況。 結果 兩組患者均能順利完成檢查,術中記憶率均低,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。A組患者循環改變、心動過緩、低氧血癥、以及體動反應明顯高于B組(P<0.05),B組患者蘇醒時間、定向力恢復、行走時間、離室時間,明顯短于A組(P<0.05)。 結論 瑞芬太尼-丙泊酚復合液伍用阿托品能夠安全應用于患者清醒狀態下實施的無痛腸鏡檢查,具有良好的臨床推廣價值。
目的 觀察術前應用戊已奎醚復合阿托品對患兒靜脈復合全身麻醉圍手術期管理的影響。 方法2008年3月-2009年2月選擇60例患兒,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ級,隨機分為3組,A組:靜注阿托品;B組:靜注戊已奎醚;C組:靜注戊已奎醚復合阿托品(阿托品0.25 mg、戊已奎醚0.25 mg),3組均按0.01 mg/kg靜注。記錄給藥前(T0)、進入術間后(T1)、手術開始時(T2)、手術開始30 min(T3)、蘇醒期(T4)的HR、MAP、SpO2,記錄吸痰次數、吸痰的時間。 結果A組:T1~T4時HR、MAP明顯高于T0時(Plt;0.05),與B、C組同時段比較HR明顯增快、MAP明顯升高(P<0.05);B組:T1、T3、T4時HR低于T0(P<0.05),T2比T0時增高,但比較無差異(P>0.05),T1~T4時MAP與T0時比較無差異(P>0.05);C組:T1、T2時HR略高于T0時,T3、T4時低于T0時,T1~T4時MAP與T0時比較無差異(P>0.05),各時段三組吸痰次數比較無差異(P>0.05)。 結論 戊已奎醚復合阿托品有效地抑制了患兒腺體分泌,使得圍手術期心率、血壓更加平穩,提高了患兒圍手術期的安全。
摘要:目的:探討有機磷農藥中毒患者阿托品使用方法,提高搶救成功率。方法: 對2005年6月至2009年6月我院收治的有機磷農藥中毒病人281例進行分組,所有患者均使用阿托品療法,A組為2007年以后132例序貫阿托品療法患者,B組2007年以前為常規使用靜推繼之肌注阿托品療法149例患者,根據有機磷農藥對膽堿酯酶復能劑的療效分為高效組和低效組,并結合病情嚴重程度共分為重度有機磷農藥中毒膽堿酯酶復能劑高效組、重度有機磷農藥中毒膽堿酯酶復能劑低效組,輕度有機磷農藥中毒膽堿酯酶復能劑高效組、輕度有機磷農藥中毒膽堿酯酶復能劑低效組4組,分別從達到阿托品化時間、維持阿托品化效果、反跳和中間綜合征發生率、開始撤藥平均時間、總住院費用、總住院平均時間、護士勞動強度進行總結和分析。結果: 維持阿托品化療效A組與B組間有顯著差異,P值lt;0.01,開始撤藥平均時間、總住院平均時間、總住院費用、護士勞動強度A組與B組間均有差異,P值lt;0.05,發生反跳和中間綜合征發生率、達到阿托品化時間在高效組間比較無差異,低效組間比較無差異,高效組與低效組比較有顯著差異,P值lt;0.01,主要與中毒藥物種類和病情嚴重程度有關,其次與阿托品治療方法有關。 結論: 序貫阿托品療法治療有機磷農藥中毒優于常規使用靜推繼之肌注阿托品療法。Abstract: Objective: To discussion of atropine in organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients with the use of two different methods to improve the success rate. Methods: For June 2005 to June 2009 inour hospital a total of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning 281 cases were divided into A group and B group, All patients were using atropine therapy, 132 cases of sequential therapy in patients with atropine is divided into A group, 149 cases of routine use of intravenous injection and intramuscular injection of atropine group patients were divided into B group, From the following aspects were analyzed and summarized, They are the maintenance of the effect of atropinization, the average time for the beginning of withdrawal, the total hospitalization costs, the total average time for hospitalization and nurses labor intensity. According to the organic phosphorus pesticide on the efficacy of cholinesterase agents are divided into efficient and inefficient groups groups, From the types of poisons, toxic ways, poisoning performance and Complications for stratified, They were divided into 4 groups, severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning and cholinesterase reactivator can be highly effective group, severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning and cholinesterase reactivator Lowefficacy group, mild organophosphorus pesticide poisoning and cholinesterase reactivator can be highly effective group, mild organophosphorus pesticide poisoning and cholinesterase reactivator Lowefficacy group, Correlation analysis Antijumping and the incidence of intermediate syndrome and atropinization time.Results:Maintain the efficacy of atropine of A group and B were significantly different between groups, Plt;0.01, the average time began to withdraw drugs, the total average time for hospitalization, total hospital charges, nursing labor intensity of A group and B are differences between the two groups, P<0.05. Rebound occurs and the incidence of intermediate syndrome, to atropinization time high between the two groups showed no difference between the two groups showed no differences between inefficient and efficient group and inefficient group were significantly different, Plt;0.01, mainly related to poisoning by drug type and severity of illness, followed with atropine therapy. Conclusion:Atropine sequential therapy is superior to organophosphorus pesticide poisoning by conventional atropine treatmen.