【摘要】 目的 探討在重癥監護病房（intonsive cane tmit，ICU）行選擇性消化道脫污染（selective digestive decontamination，SDD）的臨床實用價值。 方法 選取2007年1月—2010年1月危重癥患者376例，隨機分為兩組，對照組予常規口腔護理治療，治療組予選擇性消化道脫污染治療，比較兩組患者病情療效的參數。 結果 治療組院內獲得性肺炎發生率為18.4%、院內獲得性肺炎發生時間（7.2±3.2）d、人工氣道（氣管插管/切開）保留天數（10.5±3.8）d、機械通氣天數（8.4±3.1）d、入住ICU天數（14.7±4.8）d、病死率11.6%；對照組院內獲得性肺炎發生率為30.1%、院內獲得性肺炎發生時間（5.6±3.6）d、人工氣道（氣管插管/切開）保留天數（12.5±4.6）d、機械通氣天數（10.2±4.2）d、入住ICU天數（17.2±6.2）d、病死率19.4%；兩組比較差異均有統計學意義（Plt;0.05）。 結論 在ICU內行選擇性消化道脫污染可有效控制院內獲得性肺炎，改善患者病情，減少住院天數，降低病死率。【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the clinical value of selective digestive decontamination in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods From January 2007 to January 2010, 376 critically ill patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group received conventional oral cavity nursing treatment, and those in the treatment group underwent the selective digestive decontamination. Then, we compared the curative effect parameters of these two kinds of procedures for the two groups of patients. Results For patients in the treatment group, the rate of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) was 18.4%, the occurring time of HAP was (7.2±3.2) days, the time of retaining artificial gas channel (trachea cannula / incision) was (10.5±3.8) days, the time of mechanical ventilation was (8.4±3.1) days, ICU stay time was (14.7±4.8) days, and the mortality rate was 11.6%. For the control group, the correspondent parameters were respectively 30.1%, (5.6±3.6) days, (12.5±4.6) days, (10.2±4.2) days, (17.2±6.2) days, and 19.4%. The differences of these parameters between the two groups were significant (Plt;0.05). Conclusion For patients in the ICU, the selective digestive decontamination can effectively control the occurrence of HAP, improve patient conditions, reduce hospitalization time, and decrease mortality rate.