目的 探討不同水溫對大鼠鼻黏膜的損傷及恢復情況。 方法 126只健康成年SD大鼠隨機分為A、B、C組，每組42只；A組：常溫；B組：50℃；C組：70℃。另設健康成年SD大鼠2只，使用不同溫度生理鹽水滴入實驗組大鼠雙鼻中隔黏膜30次，每分鐘1次。分別于第30分鐘，1、3、7、14、28、42 d各取6只大鼠的刺激區鼻中隔黏膜，對照組取相應區域黏膜制作光、電鏡標本觀察其病理形態學改變。 結果 A組各時間的光鏡下結構正常，在電鏡下1、3 d有輕微改變，7 d后基本恢復。B組第30分鐘、1 d在鏡下有明顯損傷，尤其在3 d達嚴重損傷， 14 d后基本恢復。C組第30分鐘，1、3 d在鏡下表現出嚴重損傷，28 d后有少數恢復，42 d后仍未能完全恢復。 結論 常溫對大鼠鼻黏膜病理形態學改變較輕，恢復時間短。溫度越高、刺激時間越長則病理形態學改變越重，恢復時間越長。
【摘要】 目的 調查涼山地區青少年四種常見變應性疾病——濕疹、蕁麻疹、變應性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）、支氣管哮喘（bronchial asthma，BA）的發病情況，及農村與城區患病差異。 方法 采用分層整群抽樣方式確定調查點。受調查者填寫調查問卷，接受皮膚科、耳鼻喉科、內科專科醫師檢查。 結果 濕疹調查8 113人，發現患者810例，患病率10.0%，標準化患病率9.3%；男性患病率8.1%，女性患病率11.2%（Plt;0.01）；城區與農村患病率均為10.0%。蕁麻疹調查8 113人，發現患者513例，患病率6.3%，標準化患病率6.5%；男性患病率4.6%，女性患病率7.5%（Plt;0.01）；農村患病率6.9%，城區患病率4.9% （Plt;0.01）。AR調查7 977人，發現患者741人，患病率9.3%，標準化患病率9.1%；男性患病率9.4%，女性患病率9.2%（Pgt;0.05）；農村患病率9.0%，城區10.1%（Pgt;0.05）。BA調查7 741人，發現患者296例，患病率3.8%，標準化患病率4.0%；男性患病率3.2%， 女性患病率4.2%（Plt;0.05）；農村患病率4.1%，城區患病率2.9%（Plt;0.05）。 結論 通過調查獲得了涼山地區青少年四種變應疾病患病數據。發現女性濕疹、蕁麻疹、BA患病率均高于男性，AR患病率相近。農村濕疹、蕁麻疹、支氣管哮喘患病率均高于城區，AR患病率相近。【Abstract】 Objective To obtain the prevalence rate of four common allergic diseases, including eczema, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma, in adolescent of Lianshan district; and to explore the differences of these allergic diseases prevalence rate between rural area and urban area. Methods A survey was conducted in adolescent. The cluster sampling was used. The subjects were required to fulfill the self-report questionnaires and also received physical examinations by doctors. Results A total of 8 113 individuals were included in eczema studis, in whom eczema were present in 810 with a morbidity of eczema of 10.0% (9.3% after standardized). The prevalence rate of eczema in males and females were 8.1% and 11.2%, respectively (Plt;0.01). The prevalence rate of eczema in urban area was the same as that in rural area (10.0%). A total of 8 113 people were included in the urticaria study, in whom urticaria were found in 513. The prevalence rate was 6.3% (6.5% after standardized). The prevalence rate of urticaria in males and females were 4.5% and 7.6%, respectively (Plt;0.01), and were 6.9% and 4.9% respectively in rural area and urban area (Plt;0.01). A total of 7 977 people were included in AR studis. AR was present in 741 people, and the prevalence rate of AR was 9.3% (9.1% after standardized). The prevalence rate of AR in males and females were 9.4% and 9.2% respectively (Pgt;0.05), and were 10.1% and 9.0% respectively in urban area and rural area (Pgt;0.05). A total of 7 741 people were included in BA study, and BA were present in 296 people. The prevalence rate of BA were 3.8% (4.0% after standardized). The prevalence rate in males and females were 3.2% and 4.2% respectively (Plt;0.05), and were 2.9% and 4.1% respectively in urban area and rural area (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of these commom allergic diseases in adolescent of Liangshan district was obtained. The females have a higher prevalence rate of eczema, urticaria and BA than that in the males; the prevalence rate of AR in males is similar to which in the females. A higher prevalence rate of eczema, urticaria and BA is found in rural area than that in urban area; the prevalence rate of AR in urban area is similar to which in rural area.