目的 探討熱性驚厥患兒血清電解質和血糖的變化及其臨床意義。 方法 選取2009 年6月－2010 年12月兒科住院的呼吸道感染并發熱性驚厥患兒38例和呼吸道感染無驚厥患兒42例，分別作為觀察組和對照組，測定和比較兩組患兒血清電解質和血糖值。 結果 觀察組血清鈉離子濃度為（133.05 ± 1.74）mmol/L、氯離子濃度為（100.37 ± 1.79）mmol/L；對照組血清鈉離子濃度為（142.19 ± 1.85）mmol/L、氯離子濃度為（104.57 ± 1.55）mmol/L，差異均有統計學意義（P＜0.01）；觀察組和對照組血糖濃度依次為（6.93 ± 0.87）、（5.12 ± 0.55）mmol/L，差異有統計學意義（P＜0.01）。觀察組在治療后的血清鈉離子、氯離子濃度分別為（140.89 ± 2.68）、（103.29 ± 1.94）mmol/L，均高于發生驚厥時的濃度（P＜0.01）；觀察組在治療后的血糖濃度為（5.31 ± 0.68）mmol/L，明顯低于發生驚厥時，差異有統計學意義（P＜0.01）。 結論 嬰幼兒發生熱性驚厥時存在血鈉、血氯水平降低和血糖升高，在熱性驚厥患兒的治療中應糾正血鈉水平和高血糖。Objective To explore the clinical significance of the changes in serum electrolytes and blood glucose in the children with febrile convulsion. Methods Thirty-eight children with respiratory infection combined with febrile convulsion and 42 children with single respiratory infection diagnosed between June 2009 and December 2010 were selected as the observation group and control group, respectively. Serum electrolytes and blood glucose concentration were assayed and compared between the two groups. Results The concentrations of serum sodium and chloride were (133.05 ± 1.74) mmol/L and (100.37 ± 1.79) mmol/L in the observation group, while (142.19 ± 1.85) and (104.57 ± 1.55) mmol/L in the control group; the differences between the two groups were significant (Plt;0.01). The concentrations of blood glucose were (6.93 ± 0.87) mmol/L in the observation group and (5.12 ± 0.55)mmol/L in the control group; the difference was significant (Plt;0.01). After the treatment, the serum concentrations of sodium and chloride were (140.89 ± 2.68) and (103.29 ± 1.94)mmol/L in the observation group, which were higher than those before treatment (Plt;0.01). After treatment, the blood glucose concentration was (5.31 ± 0.68）mmol/L in the observation group, which was lower than that before the treatment (Plt;0.01). Conclusion Hyponatremia, low serum chlorine and hyperglycemia occurre in the febrile convulsion in children, which should be corrected in the treatment of febrile convulsion.