【摘要】 目的 了解外科圍手術期預防性使用抗菌藥物現狀，評估其用藥合理性。 方法 隨機抽取2009年1-12月265例外科手術患者病歷，根據《抗菌藥物臨床應用指導原則》和《衛生部辦公廳關于抗菌藥物臨床應用管理有關問題的通知》對抗菌藥物使用進行合理性評價。 結果 265例外科手術患者均使用了抗菌藥物，使用率為100%，外科圍手術期預防用抗菌藥物不合理率為63.89%，存在的主要問題是用藥指征過寬、起點過高、手術前預防用藥時間不當、術后預防用藥時間過長及盲目聯合用藥。 結論 外科圍手術期抗菌藥物預防性使用不合理現象突出，應積極開展合理使用抗菌藥物培訓，加強抗菌藥物使用管理，規范圍手術期抗菌藥物的使用，從而提高外科圍手術期抗菌藥物使用合理性。【Abstract】 Objective To know the status of prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents in perioperative patients, and to evaluate the medication rationality. Methods The medical records of 265 patients who underwent the surgeries from January to December 2009 were randomly extracted, and the medication rationality was evaluated according to "Guiding Principles of Clinical Use of Antibiotics" and "Notice of Medical Department Office about Antibiotics Clinical practice Management Related Questions". Results All of the 265 perioperative patients were treated with antimicrobial drugs with a utilization rate of 100.00%, and the unreasonable rate of perioperative prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents was 63.89%. The main reasons included over-extended medication indications, high starting points, inappropriate time points of prophylactic medication, long duration of prophylactic medication and unreasonable drug combination. Conclusion The perioperative prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents is clinically unreasonable. It is necessary to carry out training on the rational use of antimicrobial agents to enhance the management of antimicrobial drug use and regulate the use of antimicrobial agents in perioperation.