【摘要】 目的 探討微創經皮腎鏡碎石術后并發感染性休克的原因和防治措施。 方法 回顧性分析2005年1月-2010年12月5例經皮腎鏡術300例，其中術后并發感染性休克5例的臨床資料。男1例，女4例，均表現為術后2~8 h內出現寒戰、高熱、煩燥不安，血壓降至80/50 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）以下，心率超過120次/min。所有患者均行抗感染和抗休克治療。 結果 所有患者均在72 h內停用升壓藥，1周內體溫及血常規恢復正常，術后15 d治愈出院。 結論 感染性休克是微創經皮腎鏡碎石術嚴重的并發癥之一，術前有效抗感染、術中低壓灌注、術后加強生命體征的監測、早期發現并合理處理，可有效防治感染性休克的發生。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the etiology and treatment of septic shock after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods From Janurary 2005 to December 2010, the clinical data of five patients with septic shock after percutaneous nephrolithotomy in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients, including one male and four females, had chillness and high temperature after the nephrolithotomy. The blood pressure decreased to under 80/50 mm Hg （1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）, and the heart rate was more than 120 per minute. All patients underwent anti-shock and anti-infection therapies rapidly. Results Five patients were cured in the end, their temperature and blood routine tests returned to normal within one week. Conclusions Septic shock is one of the serious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Effective preoperative preparation, low pressure irrigation during operation, early diagnosis and treatment postoperatively are the effective ways to prevent the septic shock.