ObjectiveTo investigate the causal relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with its typical symptoms (snoring and daytime sleepiness) by using Mendelian randomization (MR). MethodsThe inverse-variance weighted method was used as the main analysis method to assess the causal effect. Sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses were carried out using leave-one-out and MR-Egger analysis, and then heterogeneity tests were conducted. ResultsIn the MR analysis, genetically predicted GERD was associated with a greater risk of OSA (IVW: OR=1.528, 95%CI 1.374 to 1.699, P=5.315E?15). Additional MR results were consistent with the IVW results, and no pleiotropy or heterogeneity was found. We also discovered a significant causal relationship between GRED and snoring (IVW: OR=0.959, 95%CI 0.949 to 0.969, P=1.507E?15), and daytime sleepiness (IVW: OR=1.024, 95%CI 1.021 to 1.036, P=4.580E?5), with no evidence of pleiotropy. ConclusionThe MR study supports a causal effect between GERD and OSA with its typical symptoms (daytime sleepiness and snoring).
Objective To study the prevalence of snoring in adults aged over 35 yrs in Kelamayi city of Xinjiang province, and screen the snoring associated factors.Methods 2600 subjects( age≥35 yrs) were enrolled from a random sample of the population living in 5 streets, two districts in Kelamayi city. All subjects were required to answer questions about their snoring by himself or bed partner at home. The questionnaire included items concerning snoring, daytime sleepness ( Epworth sleep scale, ESS) , smoking and drinking habits, while height, weight, neck circumference, abdominal circumference, waistline, and hip circumference were meatured. The subjects were assigned to a high risk group and a low risk group according to the questionaire of scoring. Results 2590 subjects had completed the questionnaire and 2513 ( 97. 0% )were eligble for evaluation. The cases of ever snoring was 1312 ( 52. 2% ) , among which moderate to severe snoring accounted for 38. 9% . Before the age of 60 yrs, the risk of snoring increased with age, and higher in males than females( 61. 7% vs. 45. 1% ) . The prevalence of snoring increased with neck circumference( P lt;0. 05) . The body mass index ( BMI) [ ( 28. 2 ±3. 6) kg/m2 vs. ( 25. 1 ±3. 9) kg/m2 ] , neck circumference [ ( 37. 7 ±3. 6) cmvs. ( 35. 6 ±3. 6) cm] , abdominal circumference [ ( 96. 9 ±13. 6) cm vs. ( 88. 7 ±11. 1) cm] , waistline [ ( 92. 2 ±9. 8) cm vs. ( 84. 7 ±10. 2) cm] , hip circumference [ ( 102. 9 ±9. 6) cm vs.( 96. 4 ±9. 3) cm] , proportionlity of waistline to hip circumference ( 0. 90 ±0. 07 vs. 0. 88 ±0. 08) , systolic blood pressure [ ( 132. 0 ±17. 5) mm Hg vs. ( 125. 6 ±16. 8) mm Hg] , and diastolic blood pressure [ ( 83. 3 ±12. 8) mm Hg vs. ( 78. 3 ±12. 6) mm Hg] were significantly different bettween the high and the low risk groups ( P lt; 0. 01) . Logistic regression analysis revealed that age ( OR = 1. 519) , BMI ( OR =2. 549) , neck circumference (OR = 2. 473) , smoking (OR = 2. 765) , ESS(OR = 2. 575) , and postmenopause( OR=1. 806) were main risk factors for snoring( P lt; 0. 05) . Conclusions The prevalence of snoring in adults over 35 yrs is high in Kelamayi city. The high risk factors for snoring are age, BMI, neck circumference, smoking, ESS, and post-menopause.
Habitual snoring can occur in both children and adults. If it is physiological snoring, it usually does not require special intervention. If it is pathological snoring, such as snoring caused by central diseases and obstructive diseases, it needs to be treated as soon as possible. Habitual snoring has more harm to children, such as causing sleep structure disorders, slow growth and development. During the snoring process, children’s sleep fragmentation and hypoxia state lead to changes in the transmission of neurochemicals in the brain’s precortex, causing adverse effects on brain function and inducing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This article reviews relevant research in recent years to further elucidate the relationship between children’s habitual snoring and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and provide a basis for future clinical research and intervention.
目的:探討腺樣體切除術治療兒童分泌性中耳炎及鼾癥的臨床療效。方法:對住院行腺樣體切除術的120例分泌性中耳炎及鼾癥患兒的臨床表現、治療方法和預后進行回顧性分析。結果:120例患兒經切除肥大的腺樣體，輔以相應的藥物治療，臨床癥狀均明顯好轉。結論:腺樣體肥大較易成為兒童分泌性中耳炎及鼾癥發病的基礎因素。切除肥大的腺樣體是治療兒童分泌性中耳炎及鼾癥有效、安全的方法。
目的 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征（OSAHS）可引起心血管疾病發生增高，是高血壓病及冠心病等的獨立危險因素。打鼾是OSAHs的主要臨床癥狀。本研究的主要目的是了解成都地區自然人群打鼾發生情況及其與心血管疾病危險因素的關系。 方法 2007年在成都市成華區采用隨機抽樣方法對男、女性共711人進行了心血管疾病危險因素調查[年齡45～80歲，平均（3.28 ± 6.25）歲，男性患者占所有患者的57.8%]，主要包括問卷調查、體格檢查及血液學檢查等，其中打鼾調查主要包括打鼾時間、次數及憋醒情況。將與打鼾相關的3個指標綜合考慮后，計算出打鼾的嚴重程度，并分析了其與心血管疾病危險因素的關系。 結果 男性人群中打鼾率較女性高（62.0%、51.0%，P=0.003），且重度及極重度打鼾率也較女性高。隨著打鼾的嚴重程度增加，體質量指數、血肌酐及尿酸等心血管疾病危險因素逐漸升高（趨勢P均＜0.05），而高密度脂蛋白膽固醇逐漸降低（P=0.001）。另外，隨著打鼾的嚴重程度增加，高血壓患病率及收縮壓也逐漸升高，但無統計學意義（趨勢P=0.063，0.08）。 結論 成都地區中老年城鎮人群的打鼾率較高，且男性高于女性。另外，隨著打鼾的嚴重程度增加，心血管疾病危險因素也逐漸升高。這提示我們在臨床工作中，對于打鼾的患者需要加強心血管疾病危險因素的篩查及干預，以期減少它的發生發展。