【摘要】 目的 比較舒芬太尼與等效劑量芬太尼在髖關節置換術后患者硬膜外鎮痛的臨床效果。 方法 2006年11月-2008年9月收治的50例硬膜外麻醉下髖關節置換術患者,隨機分為兩組(n=25)。芬太尼組(A組):芬太尼0.75 mg加0.894%甲磺酸哌卡因20 mL加生理鹽水至100 mL;舒芬太尼組(B組),舒芬太尼75 μg加0.894%甲磺酸哌卡因20 mL加生理鹽水至100 mL硬膜外鎮痛。其中,A組患者于手術結束時,靜脈滴注格拉司瓊3 mg。持續劑量2 mL/h,單次給藥量(PCA)0.5 mL/次,鎖定時間15 min。觀察兩組的鎮痛效果,惡心、嘔吐次數,記錄脈搏血氧飽和度、心率、呼吸的變化。 結果 鎮痛泵開機后,B組各時段鎮靜評分,2分以上者明顯多于A組,鎮痛評分明顯低于A組,有統計學意義(Plt;0.05),兩組術后惡心、嘔吐發生率都較低,組間差異無統計學意義(Pgt;0.05)。兩組4、12、24 h的呼吸頻率和脈搏血氧飽和度差異有統計學意義(Plt;0.05),但48 h的呼吸頻率和脈搏血氧飽和度無統計學意義(Pgt;0.05)。 結論 在等效劑量下,髖關節置換術后患者硬膜外鎮痛,舒芬太尼明顯優于芬太尼。【Abstract】 Objective To compare the clinical effect of epidural analgesia with sufentanil and fentanyl in an equivalent dose after hip replacement. Methods From December 2006 to September 2008, fifty cases of epidural anesthesia after hip replacement were randomly divided into two groups, each group had 25 cases. Group A (fentanyl group): fentanyl mesylate 0.75 mg+0.894% ropivacaine 20 mL+0.9% sodium chloride solution to 100 mL; group B (sufentanil group): sufentanil 75 μg+0.894% ropivacaine mesylate 20 mL+0.9% sodium chloride solution to 100 mL epidural analgesia. Patients in group A received intravenous infusion of granisetron 3 mg at the end of surgery. Continuous dose was 2 mL/h, with the volume of single dose (PCA) 0.5 mL per time and lockout time of 15 minutes. The analgesic effect, nausea, and vomiting frequency were observed, and the pulse oxygen saturation, heart rate, and breathing changes were recorded. Results After boot analgesia, S sedation scores for each phase and pain score in group B were significantly different compared with those in group A (Plt;0.05). Both groups had low incidence of nausea and vomiting, and the difference was not statistically significant (Pgt;0.05). The difference of respiratory rate and pulse oxygen saturation at 4 h, 12 h, 24 h was statistically significant between two groups (Plt;0.05), but at 48 h the difference was not significant (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion In the equivalent dose, epidural analgesia with sufentanil in the patients with hip replacement is superior to fentanyl.
疲勞是由長時間的體力和腦力勞動所導致的一種身心疲憊狀態,亦是降低工作績效、誘發工傷事故的重要因素之一。疲勞會導致注意力不集中、工作績效下降,誘發慢性疾病,長期疲勞還會危及生命安全。在大部分高負荷工作任務與復雜場所環境下人的疲勞是由腦力疲勞和體力疲勞共同所致。因此研究體腦疲勞交互影響及神經生理機制有重要的科學意義與應用價值。本文介紹了近幾年有關體、腦疲勞方面的研究情況,并歸納了體腦疲勞交互影響機制研究的初步進展,總結了目前存在的研究難點與未來可能的發展方向。體腦疲勞的相互影響可能發生在中樞神經系統,揭示基底神經節功能及多巴胺釋放規律可能是解讀體腦疲勞交互影響神經機制的關鍵;今后還需要在疲勞誘發實驗設計優化、檢測評價參數優選和體腦疲勞神經建模等方面做深入研究,以為復雜工作任務設定提供科學依據和理論指導,為疲勞監測、疲勞對抗提供科學方法和技術支撐。