【摘要】 目的 探討微創經皮腎鏡下鈥激光碎石術治療上尿路結石的方法及療效。 方法 2007年9月-2010年10月在B型超聲引導下應用微創經皮腎鏡下鈥激光碎石術治療上尿路結石138例，其中腎鹿角形結石64例，單發腎盂、腎盞結石38例，雙腎結石8例，輸尿管上段結石28例，孤立腎結石2例。 結果 136例取石成功，其中95例一期取石成功（包括雙通道取石5例），41例二期取石，2例因經皮腎穿失敗改行開放手術取石。27例術后體外震波碎石治療。平均結石清除率78.9%（109/138）。平均手術時間112 min，平均住院時間10 d，腎造瘺管平均留置時間4 d，雙J管平均留置時間4周。5例因術中出血較多需輸血。11例術后1周內出血較多，其中3例需要輸血。12例出現尿外滲。7例術后出現高熱（ gt;39 ℃）。隨訪: 98例伴有腎積水，時間3~6個月，平均4個月，24例積水消失，68例積水減輕，6例無改善也無加重；22例殘余結石隨訪4~9個月，平均6個月，6例結石增大，16例結石無變化；87例隨訪12個月無殘余結石，7例結石復發。 結論 微創經皮腎鏡下鈥激光碎石術治療上尿路結石創傷小，恢復快，并發癥少，療效滿意。
【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the method and the curative effect of minimally invasive percataneous nephrolithotomy (mini PCNL) with holmium laser in treating upper urinary tract calculi. Methods From September 2007 to October 2010, 138 patients with upper urinary tract calculi were treated with mini PCNL with holmium laser under the conduction by type-B ultrasonography. Of the 138 cases, 64 patients had staghorn calculi, 38 had single renal pelvis or renal calyx stones, eight had bilateral renal calculi, 28 had upper-ureteral calculi, and two had solitary kidney calculi. Results Successful stone removal was achieved in 136 cases, among which there were 95 cases of stage-one nephrolithotomy (double tracts were used in five cases) and 41 cases of sfage-two neploolithotomy. Two cases were changed to open operation due to failures of percutaneous nephrolithotory. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotomy was used in 27 cases after operation. The average stone removal rate was 78.9% (109/138). The average operation time was 112 minutes. The average hospital stay was 10 days. The average nephrostomy tube stay was four days. The average double J tube stay was four weeks. Five patients needed blood transfusion in operations due to a large amount of blood loss. Eleven patients suffered from massive hemorrhage one week after operation and blood transfusion was performed in three patients. Urine exosmosis happened in 12 cases. And there were seven cases of high fever ( gt;39 ℃) after operation. Follow-up was done for 98 patients accompanied by hydronephrosis for a time period ranged from three to six months averaging at four months. Hydronephrosis disappeared in 24 patients, alleviated in 68 cases, and did not change in six cases. Twenty-two cases of residual calculi were followed up for a period ranged from four to nine months averaging at six months. Enlarged calculi occurred in six cases and no change happened to the calculi in 16 cases. Eighty-seven patients without residual calculi were followed up for 12 months, and there were seven cases of reoccurrence. Conclusion Treatment of upper urinary tract calculi with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy with holmium laser is a simple and safe method with little injury, quick recovery, few complications and satisfactory results.
引用本文： 石濤,張小平,張大虎,郭永連,陳懷波. 微創經皮腎鏡下鈥激光碎石術治療上尿路結石. 華西醫學, 2011, 26(4): 528-531. doi: 復制