Pathological Examination of Sentinel Lymph Node in Breast Cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 唐平 ¹ , 魏兵 ² , 楊雯娟 ² , 劉裔莎 ² , 步宏 ²

Corresponding?author：

唐平, Email: Ping_Tang@URMC.Rochester.edu

Keywords：

乳腺癌; 前哨淋巴結活檢; 腋窩淋巴結清掃術

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Citation： 唐平,魏兵,楊雯娟,劉裔莎,步宏. Pathological Examination of Sentinel Lymph Node in Breast Cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2010, 17(12): 1225-1230. doi: Copy

1.	Carter CL, Allen C, Henson DE. Relation of tumor size, lymph node status, and survival in 24 740 breast cancer cases [J]. Cancer, 1989; 63（1）: 181-187.
2.	Warmuth MA, Bowen G, Prosnitz LR, et al. Complications of axillary lymph node dissection for carcinoma of the breast: a report based on a patient survey [J]. Cancer, 1998; 83（7）: 1362-1368.
3.	Kuehn T, Klauss W, Darsow M, et al. Long-term morbidity following axillary dissection in breast cancer patients: clinical assessment, significance for life quality and the impact of demorgraphic, oncologic and therapeutic factors [J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2000; 64（3）: 275-286.
4.	Petrek JA, Senie RT, Peters M, et al. Lymphadema in a cohort of breast carcinoma survivors 20 years after diagnosis [J]. Cancer, 2001; 92（6）: 1368-1377.
5.	van Diset PJ, Peterse HL, Borgstein PJ, et al. Pathological investigation of sentinel lymph nodes [J]. Eur J Nucl Med, 1999; 26(4 Suppl): S43-S49.
6.	Schrenk P, Rieger R, Shamiyeh A, et al. Morbidity following sentinel lymph node biopsy versus axillary lymph node dissection for patients with breast carcinoma [J]. Cancer, 2000; 88（3）: 608-614.
7.	Silberman AW, McVay C, Cohen JS, et al. Comparative morbidity of axillary lymph node dissection and the sentinel lymph node technique: implications for patients with breast cancer [J]. Ann Surg， 2004; 240（1）: 1-6.
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9.	Kim T, Giuliano AE, Lyman GH. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast carcinoma: a metaanalysis [J]. Cancer, 2006; 106（1）: 4-16.
10.	Ferrari A, Rovera F, Dionigi P, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy as the new standard of care in the surgical treatment for breast cancer [J]. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 2006; 6（10）: 1503-1515.
11.	Goyal A, Mansel RE. Recent advances in sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer [J]. Curr Opin Oncol, 2008; 20（6）: 621-626.
12.	Fortunato L, Mascaro A, Amini M, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer [J]. Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2008; 17（3）: 673-699.
13.	Posther KE, Wilke LG, Giuliano AE. Sentinel lymph node dissection and the current status of American trials on breast lymphatic mapping [J]. Semin Oncol, 2004; 31（3）: 426-436.
14.	Wilson LL, Giuliano AE. Sentinel lymph node mapping for primary breast cancer [J]. Curr Oncol Rep, 2005; 7（1）: 12-17.
15.	Cabanas RM. An approach for the treatment of penile carcinoma [J]. Cancer, 1977; 39（2）: 456-466.
16.	Morton DL, Wen DR, Wong JH, et al. Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma [J]. Arch Surg, 1992; 127（4）: 392-399.
17.	Krag DN, Weaver DL, Alex JC, et al. Surgical resection and radiolocalization of the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer using a gamma probe [J]. Surg Oncol, 1993; 2（6）: 335-340.
18.	Giuliano AE, Kirgan DM, Guenther JM, et al. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast cancer [J]. Ann Surg, 1994; 220（3）: 391-401.
19.	Albertini JJ, Lyman GH, Cox C, et al. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy in the patient with breast cancer [J]. JAMA, 1996; 276（22）: 1818-1822.
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21.	Borgstein PJ, Meijer S, Pijpers R. Intradermal blue dye to identify sentinel lymph node in breast cancer [J]. Lancet, 1997; 349（9066）: 1668-1669.
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24.	Povoski SP, Olsen JO, Young DC, et al. Prospective randomized clinical trial comparing intradermal, intraparenchymal, and subareolar injection routes for sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy in breast cancer [J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2006; 13（11）: 1412-1421.
25.	Rodier JF, Velten M, Wilt M, et al. Prospective multicentric randomized study comparing periareolar and peritumoral injection of radiotracer and blue dye for the detection of sentinel lymph node in breast sparing procedure: FRANSENODE trial [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2007; 25（24）: 3664-3669.
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1. Carter CL, Allen C, Henson DE. Relation of tumor size, lymph node status, and survival in 24 740 breast cancer cases [J]. Cancer, 1989; 63（1）: 181-187.
2. Warmuth MA, Bowen G, Prosnitz LR, et al. Complications of axillary lymph node dissection for carcinoma of the breast: a report based on a patient survey [J]. Cancer, 1998; 83（7）: 1362-1368.
3. Kuehn T, Klauss W, Darsow M, et al. Long-term morbidity following axillary dissection in breast cancer patients: clinical assessment, significance for life quality and the impact of demorgraphic, oncologic and therapeutic factors [J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2000; 64（3）: 275-286.
4. Petrek JA, Senie RT, Peters M, et al. Lymphadema in a cohort of breast carcinoma survivors 20 years after diagnosis [J]. Cancer, 2001; 92（6）: 1368-1377.
5. van Diset PJ, Peterse HL, Borgstein PJ, et al. Pathological investigation of sentinel lymph nodes [J]. Eur J Nucl Med, 1999; 26(4 Suppl): S43-S49.
6. Schrenk P, Rieger R, Shamiyeh A, et al. Morbidity following sentinel lymph node biopsy versus axillary lymph node dissection for patients with breast carcinoma [J]. Cancer, 2000; 88（3）: 608-614.
7. Silberman AW, McVay C, Cohen JS, et al. Comparative morbidity of axillary lymph node dissection and the sentinel lymph node technique: implications for patients with breast cancer [J]. Ann Surg， 2004; 240（1）: 1-6.
8. Mansek RE, Fallowflield L, Kissin M， et al. Randomized multicenter trial of sentinel node biopsy versus standard axillary treatment in operatable breast cancer： the ALMANAC Trial [J]. J Nat Cancer Inst, 2006; 98（9）: 599-609.
9. Kim T, Giuliano AE, Lyman GH. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast carcinoma: a metaanalysis [J]. Cancer, 2006; 106（1）: 4-16.
10. Ferrari A, Rovera F, Dionigi P, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy as the new standard of care in the surgical treatment for breast cancer [J]. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 2006; 6（10）: 1503-1515.
11. Goyal A, Mansel RE. Recent advances in sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer [J]. Curr Opin Oncol, 2008; 20（6）: 621-626.
12. Fortunato L, Mascaro A, Amini M, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer [J]. Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2008; 17（3）: 673-699.
13. Posther KE, Wilke LG, Giuliano AE. Sentinel lymph node dissection and the current status of American trials on breast lymphatic mapping [J]. Semin Oncol, 2004; 31（3）: 426-436.
14. Wilson LL, Giuliano AE. Sentinel lymph node mapping for primary breast cancer [J]. Curr Oncol Rep, 2005; 7（1）: 12-17.
15. Cabanas RM. An approach for the treatment of penile carcinoma [J]. Cancer, 1977; 39（2）: 456-466.
16. Morton DL, Wen DR, Wong JH, et al. Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma [J]. Arch Surg, 1992; 127（4）: 392-399.
17. Krag DN, Weaver DL, Alex JC, et al. Surgical resection and radiolocalization of the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer using a gamma probe [J]. Surg Oncol, 1993; 2（6）: 335-340.
18. Giuliano AE, Kirgan DM, Guenther JM, et al. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast cancer [J]. Ann Surg, 1994; 220（3）: 391-401.
19. Albertini JJ, Lyman GH, Cox C, et al. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy in the patient with breast cancer [J]. JAMA, 1996; 276（22）: 1818-1822.
20. de Bree R, Leemans CR. Recent advances in surgery for head and neck cancers [J]. Curr Opin Oncol， 2010; 22（3）: 186-193.
21. Borgstein PJ, Meijer S, Pijpers R. Intradermal blue dye to identify sentinel lymph node in breast cancer [J]. Lancet, 1997; 349（9066）: 1668-1669.
22. Bass SS， Lyman GH, McCann CR, et al. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy [J]. Breast J, 1999; 5（5）: 288-295.
23. Chagpar A, Martin RC 3rd, Chao C, et al. Validation of subareolar and periareolar injection techniques for breast sentinel lymph node biopsy [J]. Arch Surg， 2004; 139(6): 614-618; discussion 618-620.
24. Povoski SP, Olsen JO, Young DC, et al. Prospective randomized clinical trial comparing intradermal, intraparenchymal, and subareolar injection routes for sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy in breast cancer [J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2006; 13（11）: 1412-1421.
25. Rodier JF, Velten M, Wilt M, et al. Prospective multicentric randomized study comparing periareolar and peritumoral injection of radiotracer and blue dye for the detection of sentinel lymph node in breast sparing procedure: FRANSENODE trial [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2007; 25（24）: 3664-3669.
26. Cody HS III, Hill ADK, Tran KN, et al. Credentialing for breast lymphatic mapping： How many cases are enough? [J]. Ann Surg, 1999; 229（5）: 723-728.
27. Cserni G, Bianchi S, Boecker W, et al. Improving the reproductibility of diagnosing micrometastases and isolated tumor cells [J]. Cancer, 2005; 103（2）：358-367.
28. de Mascarel I, MacGrogan G, Debled M, et al. Distinction between isolated tumor cells and micrometastases in breast cancer: is it reliable and useful? [J]. Cancer, 2008; 112（8）: 1672-1678.
29. American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC Cancer Staging Handbook [M]. 7th ed. Chicago, IL： Springer, 2010: 347-376.
30. Calhoun KE, Hansen NM, Turner RR, et al. Nonsentinel node metastasese in breast cancer patients with isolated tumor cells in the sentinel node: implications for completion axillary node dissection [J]. Am J Surg, 2005; 190（4）: 588-591.
31. Cserni G, Bianchi S, Vezzosi V, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in staging small (up to 15 mm) breast carcinomas. Results from a European multi-institutional study [J]. Pathol Oncol Res, 2007; 13（1）: 5-14.
32. International (Ludwig) Breast Cancer Study Group. Prognostic importance of occult axillary lymph node micrometastases from breast cancers [J]. Lancet, 1990; 335（8705）: 1565-1568.
33. Viale G, Maiorano E, Mazzarol G, et al. Histologic detection and clinical implications of micrometastases in axillary sentinel lymph nodes for patients with breast carcinoma [J]. Cancer, 2001; 92（6）: 1378-1384.
34. Cserni G, Gregori D, Merletti F, et al. Meta-analysis of non-sentinel node metastases associated with micrometastatic sentinel nodes in breast cancer [J]. Br J Surg, 2004; 91(10): 1245-1252.
35. Houvenaeghel G, Nos C, Mignotte H, et al. Micrometastases in sentinel lymph node in a multicentric study: predictive factors of nonsentinel lymph node involvement-Groupe des Chirurgiens de la Federation des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2006; 24(12): 1814-1822.
36. Rutgers EJ. Sentinel node biopsy: interpretation and management of patients with immunohistochemistry-positive sentinel nodes and those with micrometastases [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008; 26(5): 698-702.
37. Cox CE, Kiluk JV, Riker AI, et al. Significance of sentinel lymph node micrometastases in human breast cancer [J]. J Am Coll Surg, 2008; 206(2): 261-268.
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Pathological Examination of Sentinel Lymph Node in Breast Cancer

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