知證衛生決策工具之十八——制定政策監測和評估計劃*_《中國循證醫學雜志》

作者：

Atle Fretheim ¹ , Andrew D Oxman ² , John N Lavis ³ , Simon Lewin ⁴

關鍵詞：

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20100443

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“監測”一詞常用于描述這樣的過程，即系統地收集數據以告知決策者、管理者及其他利益相關者一項新政策或規劃的實施是否符合其預期。出于監測的目的而使用指標作出相關判斷，如是否達到預期目標，或是否恰當地使用所分配的資金。有時“評估”一詞可與“監測”一詞互換，但前者常更強調結果的獲得。當使用“效果評估”一詞時，常指特別嘗試設法去確定觀察到的結果變化是否可歸因于特定的政策或規劃。我們在本文中提出能用于指導政策或規劃監測與評估的四個問題：① 是否有必要監測？② 應測量什么？③ 是否應開展效果評估？④ 如何進行效果評估?

引用本文： Atle Fretheim,Andrew D Oxman,John N Lavis,Simon Lewin. 知證衛生決策工具之十八——制定政策監測和評估計劃*. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2010, 10(5): 539-544. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20100443 復制

1.	Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Lewin S, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). Introduction. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): I1.
2.	Development Assistance Committee Working Party on Aid Evaluation: Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results Based Management 2002 [http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/29/21/2754804. pdf]. Paris,OECD Publications.
3.	Harries AD, Gomani P, Teck R, et al. Monitoring the response to antiretroviral therapy in resource-poor settings: the Malawi model. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2004, 98: 695-701.
4.	Jakobsen E, Palshof T, Osterlind K, et al. Data from anational lung cancer registry contributes to improve outcome and quality of surgery: Danish results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 35: 348-352.
5.	Smith PC, Mossialos E, Papanicolas I. Performance measurement for health system improvement: experiences, challenges and prospects. Background Document for WHO European Ministerial Conference on Health Systems: "Health Systems, Health and Wealth" 2008 [http://www.euro.who.int/document/hsm/2_hsc08_ebd2.pdf]. Copenhagen, World Health Organization, Europe.
6.	Campbell SM, Braspenning J, Hutchinson A, et al. Research methods used in developing and applying quality indicators in primary care. Qual Saf Health Care, 2002, 11: 358-364.
7.	MacKay K. How to Build M&E Systems to Support Better Government 2007 [http://www.worldbank.org/ieg/ecd/docs/ How_to_build_ME_gov.pdf ]. Washington DC, The World Bank.
8.	The World Bank: Impact evaluation: Overview 2009 [http:// go.world bank.org/2DHMCRFFT2]. The World Bank.
9.	Moynihan R, Oxman A, Lavis JN, et al. Evidence-Informed Health Policy: Using Research to Make Health Systems Healthier. Rapport nr. 1-2008 2008 [http://www.kunnskapssenteret.no/ Publikasjoner/469.cms]. Oslo, Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten.
10.	Frenk J, Gonzalez-Pier E, Gomez-Dantes O, et al. Comprehensive reform to improve health system performance in Mexico. Lancet, 2006, 368: 1524-1534.
11.	Gakidou E, Lozano R, Gonzalez-Pier E, et al. Assessing the effect of the 2001-06 Mexican health reform: an interim report card. Lancet, 2006, 368: 1920-1935.
12.	Frenk J. Bridging the divide: global lessons from evidence-based health policy in Mexico. Lancet, 2006, 368: 954-961.
13.	Rivera JA, Sotres-Alvarez D, Habicht JP, et al. Impact of the Mexican program for education, health, and nutrition (Progresa) on rates of growth and anemia in infants and young children: a randomized effectiveness study. JAMA, 2004, 291: 2563-2570.
14.	Savedoff WD, Levine R, Birdsall N. When will we ever learn? Improving lives through impact evaluation 2006 [http://www.cgdev. org/files/7973_file_WillWeEverLearn.pdf]. Washington DC, Center for Global Development.
15.	Shadish WR, Cook TD, Campbell DT. Experimental and Quasi- Experimental Desings for Generalized Causal Inference Houghton Mifflin; 2002.
16.	Oxman AD, Fretheim A, Lavis JN, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP). 12. Finding and using research evidence about resource use and costs. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S12.
17.	Lewin S, Glenton C, Oxman AD. Use of qualitative methods alongside randomised controlled trials of complex healthcare interventions: methodological study. BMJ, 2009, 339: b3496.
18.	Oxman AD, Lavis JN, Fretheim A, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP). 17. Dealing with insufficient research evidence. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S17.
19.	Scheel IB, Hagen KB, Oxman AD. The unbearable lightness of healthcare policy making: a description of a process aimed at giving it some weight. J Epidemiol Community Health, 2003, 57: 483-487.
20.	Amuron B, Coutinho A, Grosskurth H, et al. A cluster-randomised trial to compare home-based with health facility-based antiretroviral treatment in Uganda: study design and baseline findings. Open AIDS J, 2007, 1: 21-27.
21.	Jaffar S, Amuron B, Birungi J, et al. Integrating research into routine service delivery in an antiretroviral treatment programme: lessons learnt from a cluster randomized trial comparing strategies of HIV care in Jinja, Uganda. Trop Med Int Health, 2008,13: 795-800.
22.	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Evidence: Home-based HIV care just as effective as clinic-based care in Sub-saharan Africa 2009 [http://www.lshtm.ac.uk/news/2009/homeHIVcare.html]. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Evidence, University of London.
23.	Fretheim A, Havelsrud K, MacLennan G, et al. The effects of mandatory prescribing of thiazides for newly treated, uncomplicated hypertension: interrupted time-series analysis. PLoS Med, 2007, 4: e232.

1. Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Lewin S, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). Introduction. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): I1.
2. Development Assistance Committee Working Party on Aid Evaluation: Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results Based Management 2002 [http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/29/21/2754804. pdf]. Paris,OECD Publications.
3. Harries AD, Gomani P, Teck R, et al. Monitoring the response to antiretroviral therapy in resource-poor settings: the Malawi model. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2004, 98: 695-701.
4. Jakobsen E, Palshof T, Osterlind K, et al. Data from anational lung cancer registry contributes to improve outcome and quality of surgery: Danish results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 35: 348-352.
5. Smith PC, Mossialos E, Papanicolas I. Performance measurement for health system improvement: experiences, challenges and prospects. Background Document for WHO European Ministerial Conference on Health Systems: "Health Systems, Health and Wealth" 2008 [http://www.euro.who.int/document/hsm/2_hsc08_ebd2.pdf]. Copenhagen, World Health Organization, Europe.
6. Campbell SM, Braspenning J, Hutchinson A, et al. Research methods used in developing and applying quality indicators in primary care. Qual Saf Health Care, 2002, 11: 358-364.
7. MacKay K. How to Build M&E Systems to Support Better Government 2007 [http://www.worldbank.org/ieg/ecd/docs/ How_to_build_ME_gov.pdf ]. Washington DC, The World Bank.
8. The World Bank: Impact evaluation: Overview 2009 [http:// go.world bank.org/2DHMCRFFT2]. The World Bank.
9. Moynihan R, Oxman A, Lavis JN, et al. Evidence-Informed Health Policy: Using Research to Make Health Systems Healthier. Rapport nr. 1-2008 2008 [http://www.kunnskapssenteret.no/ Publikasjoner/469.cms]. Oslo, Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten.
10. Frenk J, Gonzalez-Pier E, Gomez-Dantes O, et al. Comprehensive reform to improve health system performance in Mexico. Lancet, 2006, 368: 1524-1534.
11. Gakidou E, Lozano R, Gonzalez-Pier E, et al. Assessing the effect of the 2001-06 Mexican health reform: an interim report card. Lancet, 2006, 368: 1920-1935.
12. Frenk J. Bridging the divide: global lessons from evidence-based health policy in Mexico. Lancet, 2006, 368: 954-961.
13. Rivera JA, Sotres-Alvarez D, Habicht JP, et al. Impact of the Mexican program for education, health, and nutrition (Progresa) on rates of growth and anemia in infants and young children: a randomized effectiveness study. JAMA, 2004, 291: 2563-2570.
14. Savedoff WD, Levine R, Birdsall N. When will we ever learn? Improving lives through impact evaluation 2006 [http://www.cgdev. org/files/7973_file_WillWeEverLearn.pdf]. Washington DC, Center for Global Development.
15. Shadish WR, Cook TD, Campbell DT. Experimental and Quasi- Experimental Desings for Generalized Causal Inference Houghton Mifflin; 2002.
16. Oxman AD, Fretheim A, Lavis JN, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP). 12. Finding and using research evidence about resource use and costs. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S12.
17. Lewin S, Glenton C, Oxman AD. Use of qualitative methods alongside randomised controlled trials of complex healthcare interventions: methodological study. BMJ, 2009, 339: b3496.
18. Oxman AD, Lavis JN, Fretheim A, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP). 17. Dealing with insufficient research evidence. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S17.
19. Scheel IB, Hagen KB, Oxman AD. The unbearable lightness of healthcare policy making: a description of a process aimed at giving it some weight. J Epidemiol Community Health, 2003, 57: 483-487.
20. Amuron B, Coutinho A, Grosskurth H, et al. A cluster-randomised trial to compare home-based with health facility-based antiretroviral treatment in Uganda: study design and baseline findings. Open AIDS J, 2007, 1: 21-27.
21. Jaffar S, Amuron B, Birungi J, et al. Integrating research into routine service delivery in an antiretroviral treatment programme: lessons learnt from a cluster randomized trial comparing strategies of HIV care in Jinja, Uganda. Trop Med Int Health, 2008,13: 795-800.
22. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Evidence: Home-based HIV care just as effective as clinic-based care in Sub-saharan Africa 2009 [http://www.lshtm.ac.uk/news/2009/homeHIVcare.html]. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Evidence, University of London.
23. Fretheim A, Havelsrud K, MacLennan G, et al. The effects of mandatory prescribing of thiazides for newly treated, uncomplicated hypertension: interrupted time-series analysis. PLoS Med, 2007, 4: e232.

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《中國循證醫學雜志》

知證衛生決策工具之十八——制定政策監測和評估計劃*

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