阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征合并高血壓與腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮系統的研究進展_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

郭香香 ¹ ,  任壽安 ² , 韓涌 ¹

1. ;
2. ;

Corresponding?author：

任壽安, Email: renshouan@163.com

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DOI：

10.7507/1671-6205.201711035

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Citation： 郭香香, 任壽安, 韓涌. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征合并高血壓與腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮系統的研究進展. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2018, 17(5): 524-528. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.201711035 Copy

1.	Punjabi NM. The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc, 2000, 5(2): 136-143.
2.	Ram S, Seirawan H, Kumar SKS, et al. Prevalence and impact of sleep disorders and sleep habits in the United States. Sleep Breath, 2010, 14(1): 63-70.
3.	Miwa Y, Sasaguri T. Hypoxia-induced cardiac remodeling in sleep apnea syndrome: involvement of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Hypertens Res, 2007, 30(12): 1147-1149.
4.	Peach MJ. Renin-angiotensin system: biochemistry and mechanisms of action. Physiol Rev, 1977, 57(2): 317-370.
5.	Fletcher EC, Bao G, Li R. Renin activvity and blood pressure in response to chronic episodic hypoxia. Hypertension, 1999, 34(2): 309-314.
6.	Lam SY, Liu Y, Ng KM, et al. Upregulation of a local renin-angiotensin system in the rat carotid body during chronic intermittent hypoxia. Exp Physiol, 2014, 99(1): 220-231.
7.	Lin L, Finn L, Zhang J, et al. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme, sleep-disordered breathing, and hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2004, 170(12): 1349-1353.
8.	Gharibeh T, Mehra R. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: natural history, diagnosis, and emerging treatment options. Nat Sci Sleep, 2010, 2: 233-255.
9.	Somers VK, White DP, Amin R, et al. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: an American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement from The American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council On Cardiovascular Nursing In Collaboration With the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health). J Am Coil Cardiol, 2008, 52(8): 686-717.
10.	中華醫學會呼吸病學分會睡眠呼吸疾病學組. 睡眠呼吸暫停人群高血壓患病率的多中心研究. 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2007, 30(12): 894-897.
11.	Wolk R, Shamsuzzaman AS, Somers VK. Obesity, sleep apnea, and hypertension. Hypertension, 2003, 42(6): 1067-1074.
12.	Pedrosa RP, Dreger LF, Gonzaga CC, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea: the most common secondary cause of hypertension associated with resistant hypertension. Hypertension, 2011, 58(5): 811-817.
13.	Oliveras A, Schmieder RE. Clinical situations associated with difficult-to-control hypertension. J Hypertens, 2013, 31 Suppl 1: S3-8.
14.	Loredo JS, Ancoli-Israel S, Dimsdale JE. Sleep quality and blood pressure dipping in obstryctive sleep apnea. Am J Hypertens, 2001, 14(9 Pt 1): 887-892.
15.	Akashiba T, Minemura H, Yamamoto H, et al. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure changes blood pressure ”nondippers" to ”dippers" in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep, 1999, 22(7): 849-853.
16.	李南方, 韓瑞梅. 睡眠呼吸暫停相關性高血壓. 醫學與哲學(臨床決策論壇版), 2011, 32(7): 14-16.
17.	Parati G, Lombardi C, Hedner J, et al. Recommendations for the management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension. Eur Respir J, 2013, 41(3): 523-538.
18.	Davies CW, Crosby JH, Muuins RL, et al. Case control srudy of 24hour ambulatory bolld pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and normal mached control subjects. Thorax, 2000, 55(9): 736-740.
19.	Sayk F, Becker C, Teckentrup C, et al. To dip or not to dip: on the physiology of blood pressure decrease during nocturnal sleep in healthy humans. Hypertension, 2007, 49(5): 1070-1076.
20.	Volpe M, Savoia C, De Paolis P, et al. The renin angiotensin system as a risk factor and therapeutic target for cardiovascular and renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2002, 13(suppl 3): S173-178.
21.	M?ller DS, Lind P, Strunge B, et al. Abnormal vasoactive hormones and 24-hour blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Hypertens, 2003, 16(4): 274-280.
22.	Cho JS, Ihm SH, Kim CJ, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea using watch-PAT 200 is independently associated with an increase in morning blood pressure surge in never-treated hypertensive Patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2015, 17(9): 675-681.
23.	Di Murro A, Petramala L, Cotesta D, et al. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with sleep apnoea: prevalence of primary aldosteronism. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst, 2010, 11(3): 165-172.
24.	Wang HL, Wang Y, Zhang Y, et al. Changes in plasma angiotensinII and circadian rhythm of blood pressure in hypertensive patients with sleep apnea syndrome before and after treatment. Chin Med Sci J, 2011, 26(1): 9-13.
25.	Yvan-Charvet L, Quignard-Boulangé A. Role of adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system in metabolic and inflammatory diseases associated with obesity. Kidney Int, 2010, 79(2): 162-168.
26.	de Kloet AD, Krause EG, Woods SC. The renin angiotensin system and the metabolic syndrome. Physiol Behav, 2010, 100(5): 525-534.
27.	Sim JJ, Yan EH, Liu IL, et al. Positive relationship of sleep apnea to hyperaldosteronism in an ethnically diverse population. J Hypertens, 2011, 29(8): 1553-1559.
28.	Calhoun DA, Nishizaka MK, Zaman MA, et al. Aldosterone excretion among subjects with resistant hyperten-sion and symptoms of sleep apnea. Chest, 2004, 125(1): 112-117.
29.	Gonzaga CC, Gaddam KK, Ahmed MI, et al. Severity of obstructive sleep apnea is related to aldosterone status in subjects with resistant hypertension. J Clin Sleep Med, 2010, 6(4): 363-8.
30.	Pratt-Ubunama MN, Nishizaka MK, Boedefeld RL, et al. Plasma aldosterone is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with resistant hypertension. Chest, 2007, 131(2): 453-459.
31.	Jin ZN, Wei YX. Meta- analysis of effects of obstructive sleep apnea on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. J Geriatr Cardiol, 2016, 13(4): 333-343.
32.	Wolley MJ, Pimenta E, Calhoun D, et al. Treatment of primary aldosteronism is associated with a reduction in the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea. J Hum Hypertens, 2017, 31(9): 561-567.
33.	Qaseem A, Holty JE, Owens DK, et al. Management of obstructive sleep apnea in adults: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med, 2013, 159(7): 471-483.
34.	Zhang WD, Zhang JW, Wu KF. Effect of aldosterone antagonists on obstructive sleep apnea in patients with resistant hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens, 2017, 31(21): 855-856.
35.	Pimenta E, Calhoun DA, Oparil S. Sleep apnea, aldosterone, and resistant hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2009, 5(5): 371-380.
36.	Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation, 2008, 117(25): e510-e526.
37.	Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension, 2003, 42(6): 1206-1252.
38.	Logan AG, Tkacova R, Perlikowski SM, et al. Refractory hypertension and sleep apnoea: effect of CPAP on blood pressure and baroreflex. Eur Respir J, 2003, 21(2): 241-247.
39.	Martínez-García MA, Capote F, Campos-Rodríguez F, et al. Effect of CPAP on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and resistant hypertension. The HIPARCO Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2013, 310(22): 2407-2415.
40.	Barbe F, Duran-Cantolla J, Capote F, et al. Long-term effect of continuous positive airway pressure in hypertensive patients with sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2010, 181(7): 718-726.
41.	Montesi SB, Edwards BA, Malhotra A, et al. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Sleep Med, 2012, 8(5): 587-592.
42.	Fava C, Dorigoni S, Dalle Vedove F, et al. Effect of CPAP on blood pressure in patients with OSA/hypopnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest, 2014, 145(4): 762-771.
43.	Turnbull F. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet, 2003, 8(362): 1527-1535.
44.	中華醫學會內分泌學分會腎上腺學組. 原發性醛固酮增多癥診斷治療的專家共識. 中華內分泌代謝雜志, 2016, 32(3): 188-195.
45.	Gaddam K, Pimenta E, Thomas SJ, et al. Spironolactone reduces severity of obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with resistant hypertension: a preliminary report. J Hum Hypertens, 2010, 24(8): 532-537.
46.	Krasińska B, Miazga A, Cofta S, et al. Effect of eplerenone on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and arterial stiffness in patients with resistant arterial hypertension. Pol Arch Med Wewn, 2016, 126(5): 330-339.
47.	Yang LR, Zhang HM, Cai M, et al. Effect of spironolactone on patients with resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. Clin Exp Hypertens, 2016, 38(5): 464-468.
48.	Wu CH, Yang YW, Hung SC, et al. Effect of treatment on body fluid in patients with unilateral aldosterone producing adenoma: adrenalectomy versus spironolactone. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 15297.
49.	Kraiczi H, Hedner J, Peker Y, et al. Comparison of atenolol, amlodipine, enalapril, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan for antihypertensive treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2000, 161(5): 1423-1428.
50.	Bartel PR, Loock M, Becker P, et al. Short-term antihypertensive medication does not exacerbate sleep- disordered breathing in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens, 1997, 10(6): 640-645.
51.	Pelttari LH, Hietanen EK, Salo TT, et al. Little effect of ordinary antihypertensive therapy on nocturnal high blood pressure in patients with sleep disordered breathing. Am J Hypertens, 1998, 11(3 Pt 1): 272-279.
52.	Issa FG. Effect of clonidine in obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1992, 145(2 Pt 1): 435-439.
53.	Ahmad M, Makati D, Akbar S. Review of and updates on hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea. Int J Hypertens, 2017: 1848375.
54.	Mayer J, Weichler U, Herres-Mayer B, et al. Influence of metoprolol and cilazapril on blood pressure and on sleep apnea activity. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 1990, 16(6): 952-961.
55.	Zalucky AA, Nicholl DD, Mann MC, et al. Sex influences the effect of body mass index on the vascular response to angiotensin II in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2014, 22(3): 739-746.
56.	Ahmed SB, Fisher ND, Stevanovic R, et al. Body mass index and angiotensin-dependent control of the renal circulation in healthy humans. Hypertension, 2005, 46(6): 1316-1320.
57.	Te RL, van Esch JH, Roks AJ, et al. Hypertension: reninangiotensin-aldosterone system alterations. Circ Res, 2015, 116(6): 960-975.

1. Punjabi NM. The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc, 2000, 5(2): 136-143.
2. Ram S, Seirawan H, Kumar SKS, et al. Prevalence and impact of sleep disorders and sleep habits in the United States. Sleep Breath, 2010, 14(1): 63-70.
3. Miwa Y, Sasaguri T. Hypoxia-induced cardiac remodeling in sleep apnea syndrome: involvement of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Hypertens Res, 2007, 30(12): 1147-1149.
4. Peach MJ. Renin-angiotensin system: biochemistry and mechanisms of action. Physiol Rev, 1977, 57(2): 317-370.
5. Fletcher EC, Bao G, Li R. Renin activvity and blood pressure in response to chronic episodic hypoxia. Hypertension, 1999, 34(2): 309-314.
6. Lam SY, Liu Y, Ng KM, et al. Upregulation of a local renin-angiotensin system in the rat carotid body during chronic intermittent hypoxia. Exp Physiol, 2014, 99(1): 220-231.
7. Lin L, Finn L, Zhang J, et al. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme, sleep-disordered breathing, and hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2004, 170(12): 1349-1353.
8. Gharibeh T, Mehra R. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: natural history, diagnosis, and emerging treatment options. Nat Sci Sleep, 2010, 2: 233-255.
9. Somers VK, White DP, Amin R, et al. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: an American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement from The American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council On Cardiovascular Nursing In Collaboration With the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health). J Am Coil Cardiol, 2008, 52(8): 686-717.
10. 中華醫學會呼吸病學分會睡眠呼吸疾病學組. 睡眠呼吸暫停人群高血壓患病率的多中心研究. 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2007, 30(12): 894-897.
11. Wolk R, Shamsuzzaman AS, Somers VK. Obesity, sleep apnea, and hypertension. Hypertension, 2003, 42(6): 1067-1074.
12. Pedrosa RP, Dreger LF, Gonzaga CC, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea: the most common secondary cause of hypertension associated with resistant hypertension. Hypertension, 2011, 58(5): 811-817.
13. Oliveras A, Schmieder RE. Clinical situations associated with difficult-to-control hypertension. J Hypertens, 2013, 31 Suppl 1: S3-8.
14. Loredo JS, Ancoli-Israel S, Dimsdale JE. Sleep quality and blood pressure dipping in obstryctive sleep apnea. Am J Hypertens, 2001, 14(9 Pt 1): 887-892.
15. Akashiba T, Minemura H, Yamamoto H, et al. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure changes blood pressure ”nondippers" to ”dippers" in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep, 1999, 22(7): 849-853.
16. 李南方, 韓瑞梅. 睡眠呼吸暫停相關性高血壓. 醫學與哲學(臨床決策論壇版), 2011, 32(7): 14-16.
17. Parati G, Lombardi C, Hedner J, et al. Recommendations for the management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension. Eur Respir J, 2013, 41(3): 523-538.
18. Davies CW, Crosby JH, Muuins RL, et al. Case control srudy of 24hour ambulatory bolld pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and normal mached control subjects. Thorax, 2000, 55(9): 736-740.
19. Sayk F, Becker C, Teckentrup C, et al. To dip or not to dip: on the physiology of blood pressure decrease during nocturnal sleep in healthy humans. Hypertension, 2007, 49(5): 1070-1076.
20. Volpe M, Savoia C, De Paolis P, et al. The renin angiotensin system as a risk factor and therapeutic target for cardiovascular and renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2002, 13(suppl 3): S173-178.
21. M?ller DS, Lind P, Strunge B, et al. Abnormal vasoactive hormones and 24-hour blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Hypertens, 2003, 16(4): 274-280.
22. Cho JS, Ihm SH, Kim CJ, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea using watch-PAT 200 is independently associated with an increase in morning blood pressure surge in never-treated hypertensive Patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2015, 17(9): 675-681.
23. Di Murro A, Petramala L, Cotesta D, et al. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with sleep apnoea: prevalence of primary aldosteronism. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst, 2010, 11(3): 165-172.
24. Wang HL, Wang Y, Zhang Y, et al. Changes in plasma angiotensinII and circadian rhythm of blood pressure in hypertensive patients with sleep apnea syndrome before and after treatment. Chin Med Sci J, 2011, 26(1): 9-13.
25. Yvan-Charvet L, Quignard-Boulangé A. Role of adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system in metabolic and inflammatory diseases associated with obesity. Kidney Int, 2010, 79(2): 162-168.
26. de Kloet AD, Krause EG, Woods SC. The renin angiotensin system and the metabolic syndrome. Physiol Behav, 2010, 100(5): 525-534.
27. Sim JJ, Yan EH, Liu IL, et al. Positive relationship of sleep apnea to hyperaldosteronism in an ethnically diverse population. J Hypertens, 2011, 29(8): 1553-1559.
28. Calhoun DA, Nishizaka MK, Zaman MA, et al. Aldosterone excretion among subjects with resistant hyperten-sion and symptoms of sleep apnea. Chest, 2004, 125(1): 112-117.
29. Gonzaga CC, Gaddam KK, Ahmed MI, et al. Severity of obstructive sleep apnea is related to aldosterone status in subjects with resistant hypertension. J Clin Sleep Med, 2010, 6(4): 363-8.
30. Pratt-Ubunama MN, Nishizaka MK, Boedefeld RL, et al. Plasma aldosterone is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with resistant hypertension. Chest, 2007, 131(2): 453-459.
31. Jin ZN, Wei YX. Meta- analysis of effects of obstructive sleep apnea on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. J Geriatr Cardiol, 2016, 13(4): 333-343.
32. Wolley MJ, Pimenta E, Calhoun D, et al. Treatment of primary aldosteronism is associated with a reduction in the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea. J Hum Hypertens, 2017, 31(9): 561-567.
33. Qaseem A, Holty JE, Owens DK, et al. Management of obstructive sleep apnea in adults: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med, 2013, 159(7): 471-483.
34. Zhang WD, Zhang JW, Wu KF. Effect of aldosterone antagonists on obstructive sleep apnea in patients with resistant hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens, 2017, 31(21): 855-856.
35. Pimenta E, Calhoun DA, Oparil S. Sleep apnea, aldosterone, and resistant hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2009, 5(5): 371-380.
36. Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation, 2008, 117(25): e510-e526.
37. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension, 2003, 42(6): 1206-1252.
38. Logan AG, Tkacova R, Perlikowski SM, et al. Refractory hypertension and sleep apnoea: effect of CPAP on blood pressure and baroreflex. Eur Respir J, 2003, 21(2): 241-247.
39. Martínez-García MA, Capote F, Campos-Rodríguez F, et al. Effect of CPAP on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and resistant hypertension. The HIPARCO Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2013, 310(22): 2407-2415.
40. Barbe F, Duran-Cantolla J, Capote F, et al. Long-term effect of continuous positive airway pressure in hypertensive patients with sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2010, 181(7): 718-726.
41. Montesi SB, Edwards BA, Malhotra A, et al. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Sleep Med, 2012, 8(5): 587-592.
42. Fava C, Dorigoni S, Dalle Vedove F, et al. Effect of CPAP on blood pressure in patients with OSA/hypopnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest, 2014, 145(4): 762-771.
43. Turnbull F. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet, 2003, 8(362): 1527-1535.
44. 中華醫學會內分泌學分會腎上腺學組. 原發性醛固酮增多癥診斷治療的專家共識. 中華內分泌代謝雜志, 2016, 32(3): 188-195.
45. Gaddam K, Pimenta E, Thomas SJ, et al. Spironolactone reduces severity of obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with resistant hypertension: a preliminary report. J Hum Hypertens, 2010, 24(8): 532-537.
46. Krasińska B, Miazga A, Cofta S, et al. Effect of eplerenone on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and arterial stiffness in patients with resistant arterial hypertension. Pol Arch Med Wewn, 2016, 126(5): 330-339.
47. Yang LR, Zhang HM, Cai M, et al. Effect of spironolactone on patients with resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. Clin Exp Hypertens, 2016, 38(5): 464-468.
48. Wu CH, Yang YW, Hung SC, et al. Effect of treatment on body fluid in patients with unilateral aldosterone producing adenoma: adrenalectomy versus spironolactone. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 15297.
49. Kraiczi H, Hedner J, Peker Y, et al. Comparison of atenolol, amlodipine, enalapril, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan for antihypertensive treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2000, 161(5): 1423-1428.
50. Bartel PR, Loock M, Becker P, et al. Short-term antihypertensive medication does not exacerbate sleep- disordered breathing in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens, 1997, 10(6): 640-645.
51. Pelttari LH, Hietanen EK, Salo TT, et al. Little effect of ordinary antihypertensive therapy on nocturnal high blood pressure in patients with sleep disordered breathing. Am J Hypertens, 1998, 11(3 Pt 1): 272-279.
52. Issa FG. Effect of clonidine in obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1992, 145(2 Pt 1): 435-439.
53. Ahmad M, Makati D, Akbar S. Review of and updates on hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea. Int J Hypertens, 2017: 1848375.
54. Mayer J, Weichler U, Herres-Mayer B, et al. Influence of metoprolol and cilazapril on blood pressure and on sleep apnea activity. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 1990, 16(6): 952-961.
55. Zalucky AA, Nicholl DD, Mann MC, et al. Sex influences the effect of body mass index on the vascular response to angiotensin II in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2014, 22(3): 739-746.
56. Ahmed SB, Fisher ND, Stevanovic R, et al. Body mass index and angiotensin-dependent control of the renal circulation in healthy humans. Hypertension, 2005, 46(6): 1316-1320.
57. Te RL, van Esch JH, Roks AJ, et al. Hypertension: reninangiotensin-aldosterone system alterations. Circ Res, 2015, 116(6): 960-975.

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阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征合并高血壓與腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮系統的研究進展

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