Value of preoperative inflammatory markers in diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

WANG Shiyao , HU Huan , WANG Yayun , ZHANG Yong , ZHENG Pengfei ,  CHENG Zhibin

Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

CHENG Zhibin, Email: zhibin_cheng@hotmail.com

Keywords：

colorectal cancer; inflammation; diagnosis; prognosis

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201903026

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To summarize value of preoperative inflammatory markers in diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer.Method The literatures on the preoperative inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of colorectal cancer at home and abroad were searched and reviewed.Results The chronic inflammation might promote the occurrence and development of tumor, the tumor related inflammatory markers could be used for the auxiliary diagnosis and assessment of prognosis, such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, tumor-associated neutrophils, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, Glasgow prognostic score, and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio were obviously correlated with the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. What’s more, the D-dimer and fibrinogen to albumin or prealbumin ratio were valuable in the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer.Conclusions More and more inflammatory factors are applied in diagnosis and prognosis prediction of tumors. However, in general, specificity and sensitivity of a single indicator for tumor diagnosis are poor. In future, while studying new inflammatory indicators, diagnosis can be conducted in combination with various indicators, which is expected to improve specificity and sensitivity. Similarly, prognostic efficacy of a single indicator is low, so it can be combined with various indicators to improve prognostic efficacy of patients with colorectal cancer, and Nomogram model can be established to achieve individualized prediction and guide clinical work.

Citation： WANG Shiyao, HU Huan, WANG Yayun, ZHANG Yong, ZHENG Pengfei, CHENG Zhibin. Value of preoperative inflammatory markers in diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2019, 26(10): 1248-1252. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201903026 Copy

1.	陳萬青, 孫可欣, 鄭榮壽, 等. 2014 年中國分地區惡性腫瘤發病和死亡分析. 中國腫瘤, 2018, 27(1): 1-14.
2.	Zhan X, Sun X, Hong Y, et al. Combined detection of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and CEA as an independent prognostic factor in nonmetastatic patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection is superior to NLR or CEA alone. Biomed Res Int, 2017, 2017: 3809464.
3.	Sun F, Tan YA, Gao QF, et al. Circulating fibrinogen to pre-albumin ratio is a promising biomarker for diagnosis of colorectal cancer. J Clin Lab Anal, 2019, 33(1): e22635.
4.	Watanabe A, Araki K, Harimoto N, et al. D-dimer predicts postoperative recurrence and prognosis in patients with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol, 2018, 23(4): 689-697.
5.	Sun F, Peng HX, Gao QF, et al. Preoperative circulating FPR and CCF score are promising biomarkers for predicting clinical outcome of stage Ⅱ–Ⅲ colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Manag Res, 2018, 10: 2151-2161.
6.	陳輝, 盧明東, 陳昭屹, 等. 術前中性粒細胞與淋巴細胞比值對胃腸道間質瘤患者預后的預測價值. 中華普通外科雜志, 2017, 32(7): 557-560.
7.	Tanaka Y, Ito S, Isobe K. Vancomycin-sensitive bacteria trigger development of colitis-associated colon cancer by attracting neutrophils. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 23920.
8.	Li SH, Wang QX, Yang ZY, et al. Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal/hepatic vein tumor thrombosis. World J Gastroenterol, 2017, 23(17): 3122-3132.
9.	徐亞東, 張磊, 趙過超, 等. 術前 NLR 和 PLR 聯合各共識在胰腺分支型導管內乳頭狀腫瘤手術決策中的價值. 中華普通外科雜志, 2017, 32(9): 733-737.
10.	Hurt B, Schulick R, Edil B, et al. Cancer-promoting mechanisms of tumor-associated neutrophils. Am J Surg, 2017, 214(5): 938-944.
11.	康爭春, 鄂繼福, 于恩達, 等. 中性粒細胞變化與結直腸癌患者預后的關系. 中華普通外科雜志, 2018, 33(10): 845-848.
12.	Zhang J, Zhang HY, Li J, et al. The elevated NLR, PLR and PLT may predict the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(40): 68837-68846.
13.	全雄男, 樸美華, 劉蘭. 術前 NLR 與 PLR 對結直腸癌預后的意義. 中國腫瘤外科雜志, 2016, 8(6): 369-372.
14.	曹祥龍, 余濤, 趙剛, 等. 格拉斯哥預后評分對腹腔鏡結直腸癌根治術患者術后并發癥及預后的預測價值. 中華胃腸外科雜志, 2016, 19(10): 1133-1138.
15.	Eren T, Burcu B, Tombalak E, et al. Clinical significance of the Glasgow prognostic score for survival after colorectal cancer surgery. J Gastrointest Surg, 2016, 20(6): 1231-1238.
16.	Okimoto S, Kobayashi T, Tashiro H, et al. Significance of the Glasgow prognostic score for patients with colorectal liver metastasis. Int J Surg, 2017, 42: 209-214.
17.	Liu Y, He X, Pan J, et al. Prognostic role of Glasgow prognostic score in patients with colorectal cancer: evidence from population studies. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 6144.
18.	He L, Li H, Cai J, et al. Prognostic value of the Glasgow prognostic score or modified Glasgow prognostic score for patients with colorectal cancer receiving various treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2018, 51(3): 1237-1249.
19.	劉丹, 汪曉東, 鄧磊, 等. Glasgow 預后分數與結直腸癌近期療效. 中國普外基礎與臨床雜志, 2009, 16(12): 1037-1041.
20.	Kinoshita A, Onoda H, Imai N, et al. The C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, a novel inflammation-based prognostic score, predicts outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol, 2015, 22(3): 803-810.
21.	Ni XF, Wu J, Ji M, et al. Effect of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio on prognosis in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 2018, 14(6): 402-409.
22.	Wu M, Guo J, Guo L, et al. The C-reactive protein/albumin ratio predicts overall survival of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Tumour Biol, 2016, 37(9): 12525-12533.
23.	Liu Y, Chen S, Zheng C, et al. The prognostic value of the preoperative C-reactive protein/albumin ratio in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer, 2017, 17(1): 285.
24.	劉丹, 汪曉東, 鄧磊, 等. 術前炎癥和營養預后指數與結直腸癌近期療效. 中國普外基礎與臨床雜志, 2009, 16(11): 934-938.
25.	陳英英, 張佳和, 張灣, 等. C 反應蛋白/白蛋白比率預測結直腸癌病人預后關系. 南方醫科大學學報, 2017, 37(5): 622-627.
26.	Shibutani M, Maeda K, Nagahara H, et al. Prognostic significance of the preoperative ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin in patients with colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res, 2016, 36(3): 995-1001.
27.	Ishizuka M, Nagata H, Takagi K, et al. Clinical significance of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio for survival after surgery for colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol, 2016, 23(3): 900-907.
28.	De Simone V, Franzè E, Ronchetti G, et al. Th17-type cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α synergistically activate STAT3 and NF-kB to promote colorectal cancer cell growth. Oncogene, 2015, 34(27): 3493-3503.
29.	謝健進, 邵春法. 術前炎癥相關指標與結直腸癌根治術后預后的關系. 浙江臨床醫學, 2019, 21(2): 222-224.
30.	許柯青, 趙靖, 崔文賢. 術前炎性因子水平對 82 例行結直腸癌根治術患者預后影響研究. 腫瘤學雜志, 2016, 22(12): 1075-1077.
31.	Yu J, Li D, Lei D, et al. Tumor-specific D-dimer concentration ranges and influencing factors: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 2016, 11(11): e0165390.
32.	Go SI, Lee MJ, Lee WS, et al. D-dimer can serve as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for metastatic gastric cancer treated by chemotherapy. Medicine (Baltimore), 2015, 94(30): e951.
33.	Cui LN, Li N, Fu S, et al. Combination of preoperative D-dimer and mean platelet volume predicts postoperative deep venous thrombosis in breast cancer patients. Cancer Biomark, 2018, 21(4): 909-913.
34.	黃國飛, 陳玉祥, 李俊, 等. 聯合檢測 D-二聚體和 CEA 在結直腸癌診斷中的價值. 醫藥前沿, 2017, 7(15): 160-161.
35.	Motavaf E, Sunesen KG, Stender MT, et al. Prognostic value of preoperative D-dimer and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients undergoing intended curative resection for colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2014, 29(11): 1427-1432.
36.	Lu SL, Ye ZH, Ling T, et al. High pretreatment plasma D-dimer predicts poor survival of colorectal cancer: insight from a meta-analysis of observational studies. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(46): 81186-81194.
37.	Ghanim B, Hoda MA, Klikovits T, et al. Circulating fibrinogen is a prognostic and predictive biomarker in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer, 2014, 110(4): 984-990.
38.	Tang L, Liu K, Wang J, et al. High preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with distant metastases and impaired prognosis after curative resection in patients with colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol, 2010, 102(5): 428-432.
39.	Son HJ, Park JW, Chang HJ, et al. Preoperative plasma hyperfibrinogenemia is predictive of poor prognosis in patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(9): 2908-2913.
40.	陳小林, 姚國強, 劉劍榮. 術前外周血中 NLR、d-NLR、PLR 和 LMR 四種比值在結直腸癌患者預后診斷中的價值. 中國免疫學雜志, 2015, 31(10): 1389-1393.
41.	Erdogan S, Yilmaz FM, Yazici O, et al. Inflammation and chemerin in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol, 2016, 37(5): 6337-6342.
42.	Martino MM, Briquez PS, Ranga A, et al. Heparin-binding domain of fibrin(ogen) binds growth factors and promotes tissue repair when incorporated within a synthetic matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2013, 110(12): 4563-4568.
43.	Zheng S, Shen J, Jiao Y, et al. Platelets and fibrinogen facilitate each other in protecting tumor cells from natural killer cytotoxicity. Cancer Sci, 2009, 100(5): 859-865.
44.	Hong T, Shen D, Chen X, et al. Preoperative plasma fibrinogen, but not D-dimer might represent a prognostic factor in non-metastatic colorectal cancer: A prospective cohort study. Cancer Biomark, 2017, 19(1): 103-111.
45.	Ghanim B, Schweiger T, Jedamzik J, et al. Elevated inflammatory parameters and inflammation scores are associated with poor prognosis in patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 21(5): 616-623.
46.	Yamashita H, Kitayama J, Taguri M, et al. Effect of preoperative hyperfibrinogenemia on recurrence of colorectal cancer without a systemic inflammatory response. World J Surg, 2009, 33(6): 1298-1305.
47.	Kawai K, Kitayama J, Tsuno NH, et al. Hyperfibrinogenemia after preoperative chemoradiotherapy predicts poor response and poor prognosis in rectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2011, 26(1): 45-51.

1. 陳萬青, 孫可欣, 鄭榮壽, 等. 2014 年中國分地區惡性腫瘤發病和死亡分析. 中國腫瘤, 2018, 27(1): 1-14.
2. Zhan X, Sun X, Hong Y, et al. Combined detection of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and CEA as an independent prognostic factor in nonmetastatic patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection is superior to NLR or CEA alone. Biomed Res Int, 2017, 2017: 3809464.
3. Sun F, Tan YA, Gao QF, et al. Circulating fibrinogen to pre-albumin ratio is a promising biomarker for diagnosis of colorectal cancer. J Clin Lab Anal, 2019, 33(1): e22635.
4. Watanabe A, Araki K, Harimoto N, et al. D-dimer predicts postoperative recurrence and prognosis in patients with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol, 2018, 23(4): 689-697.
5. Sun F, Peng HX, Gao QF, et al. Preoperative circulating FPR and CCF score are promising biomarkers for predicting clinical outcome of stage Ⅱ–Ⅲ colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Manag Res, 2018, 10: 2151-2161.
6. 陳輝, 盧明東, 陳昭屹, 等. 術前中性粒細胞與淋巴細胞比值對胃腸道間質瘤患者預后的預測價值. 中華普通外科雜志, 2017, 32(7): 557-560.
7. Tanaka Y, Ito S, Isobe K. Vancomycin-sensitive bacteria trigger development of colitis-associated colon cancer by attracting neutrophils. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 23920.
8. Li SH, Wang QX, Yang ZY, et al. Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal/hepatic vein tumor thrombosis. World J Gastroenterol, 2017, 23(17): 3122-3132.
9. 徐亞東, 張磊, 趙過超, 等. 術前 NLR 和 PLR 聯合各共識在胰腺分支型導管內乳頭狀腫瘤手術決策中的價值. 中華普通外科雜志, 2017, 32(9): 733-737.
10. Hurt B, Schulick R, Edil B, et al. Cancer-promoting mechanisms of tumor-associated neutrophils. Am J Surg, 2017, 214(5): 938-944.
11. 康爭春, 鄂繼福, 于恩達, 等. 中性粒細胞變化與結直腸癌患者預后的關系. 中華普通外科雜志, 2018, 33(10): 845-848.
12. Zhang J, Zhang HY, Li J, et al. The elevated NLR, PLR and PLT may predict the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(40): 68837-68846.
13. 全雄男, 樸美華, 劉蘭. 術前 NLR 與 PLR 對結直腸癌預后的意義. 中國腫瘤外科雜志, 2016, 8(6): 369-372.
14. 曹祥龍, 余濤, 趙剛, 等. 格拉斯哥預后評分對腹腔鏡結直腸癌根治術患者術后并發癥及預后的預測價值. 中華胃腸外科雜志, 2016, 19(10): 1133-1138.
15. Eren T, Burcu B, Tombalak E, et al. Clinical significance of the Glasgow prognostic score for survival after colorectal cancer surgery. J Gastrointest Surg, 2016, 20(6): 1231-1238.
16. Okimoto S, Kobayashi T, Tashiro H, et al. Significance of the Glasgow prognostic score for patients with colorectal liver metastasis. Int J Surg, 2017, 42: 209-214.
17. Liu Y, He X, Pan J, et al. Prognostic role of Glasgow prognostic score in patients with colorectal cancer: evidence from population studies. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 6144.
18. He L, Li H, Cai J, et al. Prognostic value of the Glasgow prognostic score or modified Glasgow prognostic score for patients with colorectal cancer receiving various treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2018, 51(3): 1237-1249.
19. 劉丹, 汪曉東, 鄧磊, 等. Glasgow 預后分數與結直腸癌近期療效. 中國普外基礎與臨床雜志, 2009, 16(12): 1037-1041.
20. Kinoshita A, Onoda H, Imai N, et al. The C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, a novel inflammation-based prognostic score, predicts outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol, 2015, 22(3): 803-810.
21. Ni XF, Wu J, Ji M, et al. Effect of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio on prognosis in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 2018, 14(6): 402-409.
22. Wu M, Guo J, Guo L, et al. The C-reactive protein/albumin ratio predicts overall survival of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Tumour Biol, 2016, 37(9): 12525-12533.
23. Liu Y, Chen S, Zheng C, et al. The prognostic value of the preoperative C-reactive protein/albumin ratio in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer, 2017, 17(1): 285.
24. 劉丹, 汪曉東, 鄧磊, 等. 術前炎癥和營養預后指數與結直腸癌近期療效. 中國普外基礎與臨床雜志, 2009, 16(11): 934-938.
25. 陳英英, 張佳和, 張灣, 等. C 反應蛋白/白蛋白比率預測結直腸癌病人預后關系. 南方醫科大學學報, 2017, 37(5): 622-627.
26. Shibutani M, Maeda K, Nagahara H, et al. Prognostic significance of the preoperative ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin in patients with colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res, 2016, 36(3): 995-1001.
27. Ishizuka M, Nagata H, Takagi K, et al. Clinical significance of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio for survival after surgery for colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol, 2016, 23(3): 900-907.
28. De Simone V, Franzè E, Ronchetti G, et al. Th17-type cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α synergistically activate STAT3 and NF-kB to promote colorectal cancer cell growth. Oncogene, 2015, 34(27): 3493-3503.
29. 謝健進, 邵春法. 術前炎癥相關指標與結直腸癌根治術后預后的關系. 浙江臨床醫學, 2019, 21(2): 222-224.
30. 許柯青, 趙靖, 崔文賢. 術前炎性因子水平對 82 例行結直腸癌根治術患者預后影響研究. 腫瘤學雜志, 2016, 22(12): 1075-1077.
31. Yu J, Li D, Lei D, et al. Tumor-specific D-dimer concentration ranges and influencing factors: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 2016, 11(11): e0165390.
32. Go SI, Lee MJ, Lee WS, et al. D-dimer can serve as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for metastatic gastric cancer treated by chemotherapy. Medicine (Baltimore), 2015, 94(30): e951.
33. Cui LN, Li N, Fu S, et al. Combination of preoperative D-dimer and mean platelet volume predicts postoperative deep venous thrombosis in breast cancer patients. Cancer Biomark, 2018, 21(4): 909-913.
34. 黃國飛, 陳玉祥, 李俊, 等. 聯合檢測 D-二聚體和 CEA 在結直腸癌診斷中的價值. 醫藥前沿, 2017, 7(15): 160-161.
35. Motavaf E, Sunesen KG, Stender MT, et al. Prognostic value of preoperative D-dimer and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients undergoing intended curative resection for colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2014, 29(11): 1427-1432.
36. Lu SL, Ye ZH, Ling T, et al. High pretreatment plasma D-dimer predicts poor survival of colorectal cancer: insight from a meta-analysis of observational studies. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(46): 81186-81194.
37. Ghanim B, Hoda MA, Klikovits T, et al. Circulating fibrinogen is a prognostic and predictive biomarker in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer, 2014, 110(4): 984-990.
38. Tang L, Liu K, Wang J, et al. High preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with distant metastases and impaired prognosis after curative resection in patients with colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol, 2010, 102(5): 428-432.
39. Son HJ, Park JW, Chang HJ, et al. Preoperative plasma hyperfibrinogenemia is predictive of poor prognosis in patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(9): 2908-2913.
40. 陳小林, 姚國強, 劉劍榮. 術前外周血中 NLR、d-NLR、PLR 和 LMR 四種比值在結直腸癌患者預后診斷中的價值. 中國免疫學雜志, 2015, 31(10): 1389-1393.
41. Erdogan S, Yilmaz FM, Yazici O, et al. Inflammation and chemerin in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol, 2016, 37(5): 6337-6342.
42. Martino MM, Briquez PS, Ranga A, et al. Heparin-binding domain of fibrin(ogen) binds growth factors and promotes tissue repair when incorporated within a synthetic matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2013, 110(12): 4563-4568.
43. Zheng S, Shen J, Jiao Y, et al. Platelets and fibrinogen facilitate each other in protecting tumor cells from natural killer cytotoxicity. Cancer Sci, 2009, 100(5): 859-865.
44. Hong T, Shen D, Chen X, et al. Preoperative plasma fibrinogen, but not D-dimer might represent a prognostic factor in non-metastatic colorectal cancer: A prospective cohort study. Cancer Biomark, 2017, 19(1): 103-111.
45. Ghanim B, Schweiger T, Jedamzik J, et al. Elevated inflammatory parameters and inflammation scores are associated with poor prognosis in patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 21(5): 616-623.
46. Yamashita H, Kitayama J, Taguri M, et al. Effect of preoperative hyperfibrinogenemia on recurrence of colorectal cancer without a systemic inflammatory response. World J Surg, 2009, 33(6): 1298-1305.
47. Kawai K, Kitayama J, Tsuno NH, et al. Hyperfibrinogenemia after preoperative chemoradiotherapy predicts poor response and poor prognosis in rectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2011, 26(1): 45-51.

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CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Value of preoperative inflammatory markers in diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer

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