Guidelines for endoscopic and robotic breast surgery in China (2026 edition): Part two_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

 DU Zhenggui ¹ ,  Lü Qing ¹ , Lü Pengwei ² , SONG Dajiang ³ , WANG Zihan ⁴ , YANG Benlong ⁵ , SU Shicheng ⁶ , on behalf of the Chinese Endoscopic-robotic Breast Surgery Clinical Trials Consortium (CErBSCTC)

1. Breast Disease Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China;
2. Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China;
3. Department of Oncologic Plastic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410013, P. R. China;
4. Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, P. R. China;
5. Breast Surgery Department, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China;
6. Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

DU Zhenggui, Email: docduzg@163.com; Lü Qing, Email: lqlq1963@163.com

Keywords：

Breast cancer; endoscopic surgery; robotic surgery; breast reconstruction; perioperative management; surgical standardization; breast disease prevention and control; guidelines

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202602008

Video：

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This guideline, presented in three parts, details the core aspects of endoscopic/robotic breast surgery, including its techniques, equipment, surgical procedures, perioperative management, complication treatment, long-term follow-up, and outcomes. Part one offered a comprehensive overview of indications for endoscopic and robotic breast surgery, intraoperative techniques, surgical instrument choices, and common endoscopic and robotic breast reconstruction procedures. This part will cover other endoscopic breast procedures beyond immediate breast reconstruction and include perioperative management strategies, to provide healthcare professionals involved in endoscopic and robotic breast surgery with systematic operational guidelines and clinical decision-making references.

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