Interpretation of the heart disease section in 2025 AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

LI Aiai ¹ , SUN Qin ¹ , YU Jing ¹ , LI Dongze ¹ , ZHANG Haihong ¹ , ZHONG Yan ² ,  WAN Zhi ¹

1. Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China;
2. Department of Medical Administration, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

WAN Zhi, Email: wanzhi4115@wchscu.cn

Keywords：

Heart disease; valvular heart disease; cardiomyopathy; heart failure; global burden of disease; mortality; American Heart Association; interpretation

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202511056

Video：

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The American Heart Association (AHA) officially released the "2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association" on January 27, 2025. This report systematically compiles the latest statistics on major cardiovascular diseases worldwide, while simultaneously integrating relevant outcome indicators, including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs, and updating the global prevalence patterns and evolving trends of diverse risk factors impacting cardiovascular health, providing essential guidance for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Synthesizing insights from this pivotal report and other relevant studies, this article highlights key findings concerning the global prevalence and mortality of heart diseases, associated risk factors, and emerging diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.

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1. Wang H, Zhang H, Zou Z, et al. Changing profiles of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in China: a secondary analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Chin Med J (Engl), 2023, 136(20): 2431-2441.
2. Martin SS, Aday AW, Allen NB, et al. 2025 Heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2025, 151(8): e41-e660.
3. Pomerance A. Ageing changes in human heart valves. Br Heart J, 1967, 29(2): 222-231.
4. Al-Taweel A, Almahmoud MF, Khairandish Y, et al. Degenerative mitral valve stenosis: diagnosis and management. Echocardiography, 2019, 36(11): 1901-1909.
5. Feldman T, Foster E, Glower DD, et al. Percutaneous repair or surgery for mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med, 2011, 364(15): 1395-1406.
6. Stone GW, Lindenfeld J, Abraham WT, et al. Transcatheter mitral valve repair in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med, 2018, 379(24): 2307-2318.
7. Obadia JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, Leurent G, et al. Percutaneous repair or medical treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med, 2018, 379(24): 2297-2306.
8. Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2024 Heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2024, 149(8): e347-e913.
9. Giordano A, Schaefer A, Bhadra OD, et al. Outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with severely reduced left ventricular systolic function in the Low Systolic Function and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (LOSTAVI) international registry. Am J Cardiol, 2023, 201: 349-358.
10. Summerhill VI, Moschetta D, Orekhov AN, et al. Sex-specific features of calcific aortic valve disease. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(16): 5620.
11. Huang N, Zhuang Z, Liu Z, et al. Observational and genetic associations of modifiable risk factors with aortic valve stenosis: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million participants. Nutrients, 2022, 14(11): 2273.
12. Sasakawa Y, Okamoto N, Fujii M, et al. Factors associated with aortic valve stenosis in Japanese patients with end-stage kidney disease. BMC Nephrol, 2022, 23(1): 129.
13. Kaltoft M, Langsted A, Afzal S, et al. Lipoprotein(a) and body mass compound the risk of calcific aortic valve disease. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(6): 545-558.
14. Awad AK, Ahmed A, Mathew DM, et al. Minimally invasive, surgical, and transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a network meta-analysis. J Cardiol, 2024, 83(2): 177-183.
15. Mack MJ, Leon MB, Thourani VH, et al. Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement with a balloon-expandable valve in low-risk patients. N Engl J Med, 2019, 380(18): 1695-1705.
16. El-Hamamsy I, Toyoda N, Itagaki S, et al. Propensity-matched comparison of the Ross procedure and prosthetic aortic valve replacement in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(8): 805-815.
17. Ludwig S, Conradi L, Cohen DJ, et al. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement versus medical therapy for secondary mitral regurgitation: a propensity score-matched comparison. Circ Cardiovasc Interv, 2023, 16(8): e013045.
18. Bennett J, Moreland NJ, Zhang J, et al. Risk factors for group A streptococcal pharyngitis and skin infections: a case control study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac, 2022, 26: 100507.
19. Liao YB, Wang TKM, Wang MTM, et al. Metaanalysis of mitral valve repair versus replacement for rheumatic mitral valve disease. Heart Lung Circ, 2022, 31(5): 705-710.
20. Elzeneini M, Ashraf H, Mahmoud A, et al. Outcomes of mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in patients with rheumatic heart disease. Am J Cardiol, 2023, 192: 166-173.
21. Jaiteh LES, Drammeh L, Anderson ST, et al. Rheumatic heart disease in the Gambia: clinical and valvular aspects at presentation and evolution under penicillin prophylaxis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2021, 21(1): 503.
22. Mamasoula C, Addor MC, Carbonell CC, et al. Prevalence of congenital heart defects in Europe, 2008-2015: a registry-based study. Birth Defects Res, 2022, 114(21): 1404-1416.
23. Chimah OU, Emeagui KN, Ajaegbu OC, et al. Congenital malformations: prevalence and characteristics of newborns admitted into Federal Medical Center, Asaba. Health Sci Rep, 2022, 5(3): e599.
24. Pierpont ME, Brueckner M, Chung WK, et al. Genetic basis for congenital heart disease: revisited: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2018, 138(21): e653-e711.
25. Deng C, Pu J, Deng Y, et al. Association between maternal smoke exposure and congenital heart defects from a case-control study in China. Sci Rep, 2022, 12(1): 14973.
26. Persson M, Razaz N, Edstedt Bonamy AK, et al. Maternal overweight and obesity and risk of congenital heart defects. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2019, 73(1): 44-53.
27. Boyd R, McMullen H, Beqaj H, et al. Environmental exposures and congenital heart disease. Pediatrics, 2022, 149(1): e2021052151.
28. Fazekas-Pongor V, Csaky-Szunyogh M, Fekete M, et al. Congenital heart diseases and parental occupational exposure in a Hungarian case-control study in 1997 to 2002. Congenit Anom (Kyoto), 2021, 61(1): 55-62.
29. Davey B, Sinha R, Lee JH, et al. Social determinants of health and outcomes for children and adults with congenital heart disease: a systematic review. Pediatr Res, 2021, 89(2): 275-294.
30. Rehan R, Kotchetkova I, Cordina R, et al. Adult congenital heart disease survivors at age 50 years: medical and psychosocial status. Heart Lung Circ, 2021, 30(2): 261-266.
31. Irving SY, Ravishankar C, Miller M, et al. Anthropometry based growth and body composition in infants with complex congenital heart disease. Clin Nurs Res, 2022, 31(5): 931-940.
32. Bolduc ME, Dionne E, Gagnon I, et al. Motor impairment in children with congenital heart defects: a systematic review. Pediatrics, 2020, 146(2): e20193792.
33. 國家心血管病中心心肌病專科聯盟. 2025中國心肌病管理指南. 中國循環雜志, 2025, 40(5): 420-462.National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiomyopathy Alliance. 2025 Chinese guideline for the management of cardiomyopathies. Chin Circ J, 2025, 40(5): 420-462.
34. Hershberger RE, Givertz MM, Ho CY, et al. Genetic evaluation of cardiomyopathy: a Heart Failure Society of America practice guideline. J Card Fail, 2018, 24(5): 281-302.
35. Jaaskelainen P, Vangipurapu J, Raivo J, et al. Genetic basis and outcome in a nationwide study of Finnish patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ESC Heart Fail, 2019, 6(2): 436-445.
36. Ho CY, Day SM, Ashley EA, et al. Genotype and lifetime burden of disease in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: insights from the Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry (SHaRe). Circulation, 2018, 138(15): 1387-1398.
37. Butzner M, Leslie D, Cuffee Y, et al. Sex differences in clinical outcomes for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the USA: a retrospective observational study of administrative claims data. BMJ Open, 2022, 12(8): e058151.
38. Schultheiss HP, Fairweather D, Caforio ALP, et al. Dilated cardiomyopathy. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2019, 5(1): 32.
39. McNally EM, Mestroni L. Dilated cardiomyopathy: genetic determinants and mechanisms. Circ Res, 2017, 121(6): 731-748.
40. Huggins GS, Kinnamon DD, Haas GJ, et al. Prevalence and cumulative risk of familial idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. JAMA, 2022, 327(5): 454-463.
41. Bauersachs J, K?nig T, van der Meer P, et al. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of peripartum cardiomyopathy: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology study group on peripartum cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail, 2019, 21(7): 827-843.
42. Ware JS, Li J, Mazaika E, et al. Shared genetic predisposition in peripartum and dilated cardiomyopathies. N Engl J Med, 2016, 374(3): 233-241.
43. Arany Z. Peripartum cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med, 2024, 390(2): 154-164.
44. Kerpen K, Koutrolou-Sotiropoulou P, Zhu C, et al. Disparities in death rates in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy between advanced and developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Cardiovasc Dis, 2019, 112(3): 187-198.
45. 曹慧, 王琰軍, 張愛梅. 1990-2021年中國與全球缺血性心臟病疾病負擔特征及預測研究. 疾病監測, 2025, 40(5): 682-688.Cao H, Wang YJ, Zhang AM. Characteristics and prediction of ischemic heart disease burden in China and the world, 1990-2021. Dis Surveill, 2025, 40(5): 682-688.
46. Li J, Zheng L, Chan KHK, et al. Sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women. Clin Chem, 2023, 69(3): 374-385.
47. Dudum R, Dzaye O, Mirbolouk M, et al. Coronary artery calcium scoring in low risk patients with family history of coronary heart disease: validation of the SCCT guideline approach in the coronary artery calcium consortium. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr, 2019, 13(1): 21-25.
48. Masoudi FA, Ponirakis A, de Lemos JA, et al. Trends in U. S. cardiovascular care: 2016 report from 4 ACC National Cardiovascular Data Registries. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2017, 69(11): 1427-1450.
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