Research advances in the intratumoral microbiota of esophageal cancer_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

YANG Kai ¹ , LIU Yongzhi ¹ , ZHAO Jing ² , GUO Chao ¹ , WANG Jin ¹ , QUE Changhao ¹ ,  CHEN Chang ³

1. First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China;
2. The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China;
3. Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200000, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

CHEN Chang, Email: chenthoracic@163.com

Keywords：

Esophageal cancer; intratumoral microbiota; fusobacterium nucleatum; porphyromonas; 16S rRNA

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202509035

Video：

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[Abstract]Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy within the digestive system, characterized by a high incidence rate and a generally poor prognosis. In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that the intratumoral microbiota plays a significant role in the initiation and progression of esophageal cancer. These microbial communities may originate from the migration of adjacent tissues, disruption of the mucosal barrier, or hematogenous dissemination, and they influence tumor development through various mechanisms, including direct microbial-tumor interactions, metabolic byproducts, induction of chronic inflammation, and modulation of the immune response. This article reviews the detection techniques of the bacterial flora within esophageal cancer, the differences in the bacterial flora, the mechanism of its role in the occurrence and development of the tumor, as well as the related researches on its impact on the treatment outcome.

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10. Cao Y, Xia H, Tan X, et al. Intratumoural microbiota: a new frontier in cancer development and therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2024, 9(1): 15.
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12. Rajagopala SV, Vashee S, Oldfield LM, et al. The human microbiome and cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 2017, 10(4): 226-234.
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19. 冼博鴻, 位俊敏, 喬貴賓, 等. 食管鱗狀細胞癌腫瘤組織內菌群檢測及特征分析. 中山大學學報(醫學科學版), 2022, 43(3): 480-487.Xian BH, Wei JM, Qiao GB, et al. Characterization of microbiota in tumor tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Sun Yat-sen Univ (Med Sci), 2022, 43(3): 480-487.
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21. Yang W, Chen CH, Jia M, et al. Tumor-associated microbiota in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2021, 9: 641270.
22. Shen W, Tang D, Wan P, et al. Identification of tissue-specific microbial profile of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by full-length 16S rDNA sequencing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2022, 106(8): 3215-3229.
23. Wang B, Deng J, Donati V, et al. The roles and interactions of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in oral and gastrointestinal carcinogenesis: a narrative review. Pathogens, 2024, 13(1): 93.
24. 余英, 張杰, 高峰. 食管鱗狀細胞癌患者食管黏膜菌群構成變化研究. 中國醫藥, 2022, 17(3): 411-414.Yu Y, Zhang J, Gao F. Changes of esophageal mucosal flora in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Chin Med, 2022, 17(3): 411-414.
25. Zhang B, Xiao Q, Chen H, et al. Comparison of tumor-associated and nontumor-associated esophageal mucosa microbiota in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore), 2022, 101(37): e30483.
26. Lin Z, Rao W, Xiang Z, et al. Characteristics and interplay of esophageal microbiota in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer, 2022, 22(1): 696.
27. 馮云, 馮燕, 余麗. 牙齦卟啉單胞菌在腫瘤發生發展中作用的研究進展. 口腔疾病防治, 2025.Epub ahead of print Feng Y, Feng Y, Yu L. Research progress on the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the progression of tumor. J Prev Treat Stomatol Dis, 2025. [Epub ahead of print].
28. El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. Microbiota's role in health and diseases. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021, 28(28): 36967-36983.
29. 孔金玉, 劉安祥, 劉怡文, 等. 基于16S rRNA基因測序分析食管鱗癌患者食管菌群分布特征. 食管疾病, 2024, 6(3): 170-177.Kong JY, Liu AX, Liu YW, et al. Distribution of esophageal microbiota in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma analyzed based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Esophageal Dis, 2024, 6(3): 170-177.
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31. Fardini Y, Wang X, Témoin S, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum adhesin FadA binds vascular endothelial cadherin and alters endothelial integrity. Mol Microbiol, 2011, 82(6): 1468-1480.
32. Rubinstein MR, Wang X, Liu W, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by modulating E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling via its FadA adhesin. Cell Host Microbe, 2013, 14(2): 195-206.
33. Gibbs RJ, Chambers AC, Hill DJ. The emerging role of Fusobacteria in carcinogenesis. Eur J Clin Invest, 2024, 54 Suppl 2: e14353.
34. 肖晗, 葛李晨, 王海芳, 等. 具核梭桿菌促進食管癌細胞增殖的研究. 解剖學研究, 2014, 36(2): 132-135,141.Xiao H, Ge LC, Wang HF, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells. Anat Res, 2014, 36(2): 132-135,141.
35. Fujiwara N, Kitamura N, Yoshida K, et al. Involvement of Fusobacterium species in oral cancer progression: a literature review including other types of cancer. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(17): 6207.
36. Singh CK, Fernandez S, Chhabra G, et al. The role of collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) in cancer development and progression. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 2024, 28(5): 419-435.
37. Wu Z, Guo J, Zhang Z, et al. Bacteroidetes promotes esophageal squamous carcinoma invasion and metastasis through LPS-mediated TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway and inflammatory changes. Sci Rep, 2024, 14(1): 12827.
38. 唐帥, 張桂生, 黃楊文, 等. 具核梭桿菌通過其毒力因子LPS激活TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB通路促進食管鱗癌增殖. 贛南醫學院學報, 2022, 42(6): 569-575.Tang S, Zhang GS, Huang YW, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum in activating the TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB pathway through its virulence factor LPS to promote the proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Gannan Med Univ, 2022, 42(6): 569-575.
39. Moe KT, Tan KS. Mechanistic insights on microbiota-mediated development and progression of esophageal cancer. Cancers (Basel), 2024, 16(19): 3305.
40. Ghosh S, Pramanik S. Structural diversity, functional aspects and future therapeutic applications of human gut microbiome. Arch Microbiol, 2021, 203(9): 5281-5308.
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