Perioperative chemoimmunotherapy in NSCLC: Efficacy and recurrence mechanisms_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

ZHANG Jiaqi ,  LUO Qingquan

Department of Oncology Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

LUO Qingquan, Email: luoqingquan@hotmail.com

Keywords：

Immune checkpoint inhibitors; non-small cell lung cancer; neoadjuvant therapy; perioperative immunotherapy; programmed cell death protein 1; programmed cell death 1 ligand 1

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202410030

Video：

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Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although surgery can cure some early-stage resectable patients, the postoperative recurrence rate remains as high as 30%-55%. Perioperative immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, which includes "neoadjuvant" therapy before surgery and "adjuvant" therapy after surgery, has significantly improved survival outcomes in resectable NSCLC patients. Large clinical studies, such as Checkmate 816, have demonstrated the superiority of neoadjuvant ICIs combined with chemotherapy in increasing the pathological complete response rate (pCR) and prolonging event-free survival (EFS). However, even with these advanced treatments, some patients do not achieve long-term benefits and experience early recurrence. This paper reviews the latest research progress of perioperative ICIs in NSCLC treatment, particularly the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in improving pCR and extending EFS. It further explores the recurrence patterns, resistance mechanisms, and potential biomarkers in NSCLC patients after neoadjuvant immunotherapy. By integrating basic research and clinical data, we analyze the mechanisms of early recurrence following perioperative immunotherapy and discuss future research directions and therapeutic strategies, providing new insights into precision treatment and recurrence prevention for NSCLC patients.

Citation： ZHANG Jiaqi, LUO Qingquan. Perioperative chemoimmunotherapy in NSCLC: Efficacy and recurrence mechanisms. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2026, 33(8): 1318-1329. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202410030 Copy

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12. Akinboro O, Drezner N, Amatya A, et al. Us food and drug administration approval summary: Nivolumab plus platinum-doublet chemotherapy for the neoadjuvant treatment of patients with resectable non–small-cell lung cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2023, 41(17): 3249-3259.
13. Spicer J, Girard N, Provencio M, et al. Neoadjuvant nivolumab (nivo) + hemotherapy (chemo) vs chemo in patients (pts) with resectable nsclc: 4-year update from checkmate 816[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42(17_suppl): LBA8010-LBA8010.
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Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Perioperative chemoimmunotherapy in NSCLC: Efficacy and recurrence mechanisms

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