Advances on efficacy and mechanisms of acidic fibroblast growth factor for promoting injured tissue repair_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

ZHU Fei , JIANG Zhounan , QIAN Xifei , XU Wenyan , CHENG Hanjing ,  ZHANG Jufang

Medical Cosmetic Center, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People’S Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou Zhejiang, 310000, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

ZHANG Jufang, Email: doctorzjf@zju.edu.cn

Keywords：

Acidic fibroblast growth factor; tissue repair; signaling pathway; mechanisms of action

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.202509036

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To review the research progress on acid fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) in promoting tissue injury repair and its mechanism of action. Methods By searching and reviewing the basic and clinical studies on aFGF published in recent years, the roles of aFGF in tissue injury including full-thickness skin, mucous and skin barrier, bone and nerve fiber were summarized. Results As a key member of the FGF family, aFGF exhibits potent mitogenic activity, it can regulate various cells proliferation and migration, accelerate extracellular matrix synthesis, promote angiogenesis and nerve fiber repair, upregulate tight junction protein expression, and therefore exert dual regulatory effects on dermal and epidermal regeneration and repair. It demonstrates promising clinical application for full-thickness healing and skin and mucosal barriers repair. Additionally, it mediates the regeneration and differentiation of osteoblasts, cardiomyocytes, and follicle cells, exhibiting potential for repairing multiple tissues and organs. Furthermore, the aFGF's functions in regulating energy metabolism, immune-inflammatory responses, and alleviating aging have revealed in recent years, indicating a broad clinical application. Conclusion aFGF is a valuable member of the FGF family. It is widely used in various kinds of wound healing, besides, it also holds promising application in multiple tissue and organ regeneration and repair.

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3.	Yu H, Geng S, Li S, et al. The AMPK and AKT/GSK3β pathways are involved in recombinant proteins fibroblast growth factor 1 (rFGF1 and rFGF1a) improving glycolipid metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a high carbohydrate diet. Anim Nutr, 2024, 17: 11-24.
4.	王洪濤, 韓軍濤, 胡大海. 酸性成纖維細胞生長因子在促進創面愈合中的作用研究進展. 中華燒傷與創面修復雜志, 2022, 38(9): 859-863.
5.	Liu Y, Liu Y, Deng J, et al. Fibroblast growth factor in diabetic foot ulcer: progress and therapeutic prospects. Front Eedocrinol, 2021, 12: 744868. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.744868.
6.	Tomé D, Dias M S, Correia J, et al. Fibroblast growth factor signaling in axons: from development to disease. Cell Commun Signal, 2023, 21(1): 290. doi: 10.1186/s12964-023-01284-0.
7.	Lampart A, Sluzalska K D, Czyrek A, et al. Nuclear localization sequence of FGF1 is not required for its intracellular anti-apoptotic activity in differentiated cells. Cells, 2022, 11(3): 522. doi: 10.3390/cells11030522.
8.	Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. Wires Mech Dis, 2022, 14(4): e1549. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1549.
9.	Chen L, Fu L, Sun J, et al. Structural basis for FGF hormone signalling. Nature, 2023, 618(7966): 862-870.
10.	Schilke RM, Blackburn CMR, Bamgbose TT, et al. Interface of phospholipase activity, immune cell function, and atherosclerosis. Biomolecules, 2020, 10(10): 1449. doi: 10.3390/biom10101449.
11.	Wang W, Xu S, Yin M, et al. Essential roles of Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation in growth factor-mediated signaling and angiogenesis. Int J Cardiol Cardio, 2015, 181: 180-184.
12.	Wang Z. Regulation of cell cycle progression by growth factor-induced cell signaling. Cells, 2021, 10(12): 3327. doi: 10.3390/cells10123327.
13.	Samson SC, Khan AM, Mendoza MC. ERK signaling for cell migration and invasion. Front Mol Biosci, 2022, 9: 998475. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.998475.
14.	Downer M, Berry CE, Parker JB, et al. Current biomaterials for wound healing. Bioengineering, 2023, 10(12): 1378. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10121378.
15.	Hade MD, Suire CN, Suo Z. Significant enhancement of fibroblast migration, invasion, and proliferation by exosomes loaded with human fibroblast growth factor 1. Acs Appl Mater Inter, 2024, 16(2): 1969-1984.
16.	Guo Y, Chu G, Cai W, et al. Beneficial effects of oleosomes fused with human fibroblast growth factor 1 on wound healing via the promotion of angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(21): 13152. doi: 10.3390/ijms232113152.
17.	Wang J, Wu X, Zhang L, et al. Integrative and comparative analysis of whole-transcriptome sequencing in circCOL1A1-knockdown and circCOL1A1-overexpressing goat hair follicle stem cells. Anim Biosci, 2025, 38(6): 1116-1139.
18.	Sluzalska KD, Slawski J, Sochacka M, et al. Intracellular partners of fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2-implications for functions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 2021, 57: 93-111.
19.	Zhang Q, Wang M, Deng X, et al. Shikonin promotes hypertrophic scar repair by autophagy of hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts. Acta Cir Bras, 2023, 38: e384623. doi: 10.1590/acb384623.
20.	Huang HW, Yang CM, Yang CH. Beneficial effects of fibroblast growth factor-1 on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to high glucose-induced damage: alleviation of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and enhancement of autophagy. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(6): 3192. doi: 10.3390/ijms25063192.
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23.	Lin Q, Huang Z, Cai G, et al. Activating adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase mediates fibroblast growth factor 1 protection from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Hepatology, 2021, 73(6): 2206-2222.
24.	Chen Q, Chen X, Jia Z, et al. ?nFGF1 protects β‐cells against high glucose‐induced apoptosis via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1 α Axis. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2022, 2022(1): 1231970. doi: 10.1155/2022/1231970.
25.	孫賽, 張碧芳, 陳容容, 等. 重組人酸性成纖維細胞生長因子聯合超脈沖二氧化碳激光治療色素痣的臨床療效觀察. 中國醫藥科學, 2019, 9(24): 65-68.
26.	粟東林, 劉洋. rh-aFGF凝膠聯合點陣CO₂激光治療對剖宮產術后切口瘢痕愈合和美觀滿意度的影響. 中國美容醫學, 2024, 33(2): 94-97.
27.	Bi J, Wang Y, Wang K, et al. FGF1 attenuates sepsis-induced coagulation dysfunction and hepatic injury via IL6/STAT3 pathway inhibition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis, 2024, 1870(7): 167281. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167281.
28.	Luo P, Liu D, Li J. Topical recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor: An effective therapeutic agent for facemask wearing‐induced pressure sores. Dermatol Ther, 2020, 33(4): e13745. doi: 10.1111/dth.13745.
29.	de Araújo R, L?bo M, Trindade K, et al. Fibroblast growth factors: a controlling mechanism of skin aging. Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 2019, 32(5): 275-282.
30.	郭先薈, 杜美毅, 高蕾蕾, 等. 滾針聯合rh-aFGF及Ⅲ型膠原蛋白導入治療毛孔粗大的回顧性研究. 中國美容醫學, 2023, 32(11): 110-113,131.
31.	Pulito C, Cristaudo A, Porta C L, et al. Oral mucositis: the hidden side of cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2020, 39(1): 210. doi: 10.1186/s13046-020-01715-7.
32.	Wu F, ChenZ, Tang C, et al. Acid fibroblast growth factor preserves blood-brain barrier integrity by activating the PI3K-Akt-Rac1 pathway and inhibiting RhoA following traumatic brain injury. Am J Transl Res, 2017, 9(3): 910-925.
33.	Zhu J, Li Z, Yin F, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 1 ameliorates thin endometrium in rats through activation of the autophagic pathway. Front Pharmacol, 2023, 14: 1143096. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1143096.
34.	Xu M, Wang C, Fang S, et al. Effect of recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor on nasal mucosal healing after endoscopic sinus surgery. Am J Otolaryngol, 2023, 44(4): 103895. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103895.
35.	Sun H, Gao J, Li D, et al. Observations on the clinical efficacy of rhaFGF combined with Vitamin B complex for patients with severe recurrent aphthous ulcer. Pak J Med Sci, 2021, 37(7): 2004-2007.
36.	Schmid GJ, Kobayashi C, Sandell LJ, et al. Fibroblast growth factor expression during skeletal fracture healing in mice. Dev Dyn, 2009, 238(3): 766-774.
37.	Kidwai F, Mui B W H, Arora D, et al. Lineage-specific differentiation of osteogenic progenitors from pluripotent stem cells reveals the FGF1-RUNX2 association in neural crest-derived osteoprogenitors. Stem Cells, 2020, 38(9): 1107-1123.
38.	Lu D, Yang C, Zhang Z, et al. Enhanced tendon–bone healing with acidic fibroblast growth factor delivered in collagen in a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model. J Orthop Surg Res, 2018, 13(1): 301. doi: 10.1186/s13018-018-0984-x.
39.	Knaup I, Symmank J, Bastina A, et al. Impact of FGF1 on human periodontal ligament fibroblast growth, osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory reaction in vitro. J Orofac Orthop, 2022, 83(Suppl 1): 42-55.
40.	郭敏, 劉林, 胡征. 外源性成纖維細胞生長因子聯合引導骨再生術在前牙種植修復中對種植區骨量、種植體周圍炎的影響. 四川醫學, 2019, 40(8): 803-806.
41.	Dordoe C, Wang X, Lin P, et al. Non-mitogenic fibroblast growth factor 1 protects against ischemic stroke by regulating microglia/macrophage polarization through Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Neuropharmacology, 2022, 212: 109064. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109064.
42.	Chang WY, Huang WC, Tsai YA, et al. Recombinant acidic fibroblast growth factor facilitates motor recovery and reduces myelomalacia in traumatic american spinal injury association impairment scale a spinal cord injured patients. Neurotrauma Rep, 2024, 5(1): 910-915.
43.	Cao Q, Meng T, Man J, et al. aFGF promotes neurite growth by regulating GSK3β-CRMP2 signaling pathway in cortical neurons damaged by amyloid-β. J Alzheimers Dis, 2019, 72(1): 97-109.
44.	Li R, Wang B, Wu C, et al. Acidic fibroblast growth factor attenuates type 2 diabetes-induced demyelination via suppressing oxidative stress damage. Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(1): 107. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-03407-2.
45.	Liu Y, Yu F, Zhang B, et al. Improving the protective effects of aFGF for peripheral nerve injury repair using sulfated chitooligosaccharides. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2019, 14(5): 511-520.
46.	Wang J, Wang L, Gao S, et al. Recent advances in the role of fibroblast growth factors in hair follicle growth. Biomolecules, 2025, 15(8): 1198. doi: 10.3390/biom15081198.
47.	潘霄汝, 張汝芝, 金慧玲. 生長因子EGF、aFGF、bFGF對毛乳頭細胞生長的研究. 齊齊哈爾醫學院學報, 2017, 38(2): 134-136.
48.	Lin WH, Xiang LJ, Shi HX, et al. Fibroblast growth factors stimulate hair growth through β-catenin and Shh expression in C57BL/6 mice. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015: 730139. doi: 10.1155/2015/730139.
49.	Morita H, Hoshiga M. Fibroblast growth factors in cardiovascular disease. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2024, 31(11): 1496-1511.
50.	Li G, Shao Y, Guo H C, et al. MicroRNA-27b-3p down-regulates FGF1 and aggravates pathological cardiac remodelling. Cardiovas Res, 2022, 118(9): 2139-2151.
51.	Zhou NQ, Fang ZX, Huang N, et al. aFGF targeted mediated by novel nanoparticles-microbubble complex combined with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction attenuates doxorubicin-induced heart failure via anti-apoptosis and promoting cardiac angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12: 607785. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.607785.
52.	Dhlamini Q, Wang W, Feng G, et al. FGF1 alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress. Mol Med, 2022, 28(1): 73. doi: 10.1186/s10020-022-00502-8.
53.	Wang D, Zhao T, Zhao Y, et al. PPARγ mediates the anti-epithelial-mesenchymal transition effects of FGF1ΔHBS in chronic kidney diseases via inhibition of TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling. Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12: 690535. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690535.
54.	Gu C, Liu Z, Li Y, et al. Endogenous FGF1 deficiency aggravates doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxics, 2023, 11(11): 925. doi: 10.3390/toxics11110925.
55.	PizzutoI S, Duffey G, Weant J, et al. Acceleration of regeneration of the corneal endothelial layer after descemet stripping induced by the engineered FGF TTHX1114 in human corneas in organ culture. Cornea, 2023, 42(2): 232-242.
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1. Jamal SB, Hockman D. FGF1. Differentiation, 2024, 139: 100802. doi: 10.1016/j.diff.2024.100802.
2. Hui Q, Jin Z, Li X, et al. FGF family: from drug development to clinical application. Int J Mol Sci, 2018, 19(7): 1875. doi: 10.3390/ijms19071875.
3. Yu H, Geng S, Li S, et al. The AMPK and AKT/GSK3β pathways are involved in recombinant proteins fibroblast growth factor 1 (rFGF1 and rFGF1a) improving glycolipid metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a high carbohydrate diet. Anim Nutr, 2024, 17: 11-24.
4. 王洪濤, 韓軍濤, 胡大海. 酸性成纖維細胞生長因子在促進創面愈合中的作用研究進展. 中華燒傷與創面修復雜志, 2022, 38(9): 859-863.
5. Liu Y, Liu Y, Deng J, et al. Fibroblast growth factor in diabetic foot ulcer: progress and therapeutic prospects. Front Eedocrinol, 2021, 12: 744868. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.744868.
6. Tomé D, Dias M S, Correia J, et al. Fibroblast growth factor signaling in axons: from development to disease. Cell Commun Signal, 2023, 21(1): 290. doi: 10.1186/s12964-023-01284-0.
7. Lampart A, Sluzalska K D, Czyrek A, et al. Nuclear localization sequence of FGF1 is not required for its intracellular anti-apoptotic activity in differentiated cells. Cells, 2022, 11(3): 522. doi: 10.3390/cells11030522.
8. Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. Wires Mech Dis, 2022, 14(4): e1549. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1549.
9. Chen L, Fu L, Sun J, et al. Structural basis for FGF hormone signalling. Nature, 2023, 618(7966): 862-870.
10. Schilke RM, Blackburn CMR, Bamgbose TT, et al. Interface of phospholipase activity, immune cell function, and atherosclerosis. Biomolecules, 2020, 10(10): 1449. doi: 10.3390/biom10101449.
11. Wang W, Xu S, Yin M, et al. Essential roles of Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation in growth factor-mediated signaling and angiogenesis. Int J Cardiol Cardio, 2015, 181: 180-184.
12. Wang Z. Regulation of cell cycle progression by growth factor-induced cell signaling. Cells, 2021, 10(12): 3327. doi: 10.3390/cells10123327.
13. Samson SC, Khan AM, Mendoza MC. ERK signaling for cell migration and invasion. Front Mol Biosci, 2022, 9: 998475. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.998475.
14. Downer M, Berry CE, Parker JB, et al. Current biomaterials for wound healing. Bioengineering, 2023, 10(12): 1378. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10121378.
15. Hade MD, Suire CN, Suo Z. Significant enhancement of fibroblast migration, invasion, and proliferation by exosomes loaded with human fibroblast growth factor 1. Acs Appl Mater Inter, 2024, 16(2): 1969-1984.
16. Guo Y, Chu G, Cai W, et al. Beneficial effects of oleosomes fused with human fibroblast growth factor 1 on wound healing via the promotion of angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(21): 13152. doi: 10.3390/ijms232113152.
17. Wang J, Wu X, Zhang L, et al. Integrative and comparative analysis of whole-transcriptome sequencing in circCOL1A1-knockdown and circCOL1A1-overexpressing goat hair follicle stem cells. Anim Biosci, 2025, 38(6): 1116-1139.
18. Sluzalska KD, Slawski J, Sochacka M, et al. Intracellular partners of fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2-implications for functions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 2021, 57: 93-111.
19. Zhang Q, Wang M, Deng X, et al. Shikonin promotes hypertrophic scar repair by autophagy of hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts. Acta Cir Bras, 2023, 38: e384623. doi: 10.1590/acb384623.
20. Huang HW, Yang CM, Yang CH. Beneficial effects of fibroblast growth factor-1 on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to high glucose-induced damage: alleviation of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and enhancement of autophagy. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(6): 3192. doi: 10.3390/ijms25063192.
21. Pan Q, Fan R, Chen R, et al. Weakly acidic microenvironment of the wound bed boosting the efficacy of acidic fibroblast growth factor to promote skin regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2023, 11: 1150819. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1150819.
22. Sheng X, Hu L, Li T, et al. Clinical efficacy and mechanism of the combination of autologous platelet-rich gel and recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor in the management of refractory diabetic foot. Front Eedocrinol, 2024, 15: 1374507. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1374507.
23. Lin Q, Huang Z, Cai G, et al. Activating adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase mediates fibroblast growth factor 1 protection from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Hepatology, 2021, 73(6): 2206-2222.
24. Chen Q, Chen X, Jia Z, et al. ?nFGF1 protects β‐cells against high glucose‐induced apoptosis via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1 α Axis. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2022, 2022(1): 1231970. doi: 10.1155/2022/1231970.
25. 孫賽, 張碧芳, 陳容容, 等. 重組人酸性成纖維細胞生長因子聯合超脈沖二氧化碳激光治療色素痣的臨床療效觀察. 中國醫藥科學, 2019, 9(24): 65-68.
26. 粟東林, 劉洋. rh-aFGF凝膠聯合點陣CO₂激光治療對剖宮產術后切口瘢痕愈合和美觀滿意度的影響. 中國美容醫學, 2024, 33(2): 94-97.
27. Bi J, Wang Y, Wang K, et al. FGF1 attenuates sepsis-induced coagulation dysfunction and hepatic injury via IL6/STAT3 pathway inhibition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis, 2024, 1870(7): 167281. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167281.
28. Luo P, Liu D, Li J. Topical recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor: An effective therapeutic agent for facemask wearing‐induced pressure sores. Dermatol Ther, 2020, 33(4): e13745. doi: 10.1111/dth.13745.
29. de Araújo R, L?bo M, Trindade K, et al. Fibroblast growth factors: a controlling mechanism of skin aging. Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 2019, 32(5): 275-282.
30. 郭先薈, 杜美毅, 高蕾蕾, 等. 滾針聯合rh-aFGF及Ⅲ型膠原蛋白導入治療毛孔粗大的回顧性研究. 中國美容醫學, 2023, 32(11): 110-113,131.
31. Pulito C, Cristaudo A, Porta C L, et al. Oral mucositis: the hidden side of cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2020, 39(1): 210. doi: 10.1186/s13046-020-01715-7.
32. Wu F, ChenZ, Tang C, et al. Acid fibroblast growth factor preserves blood-brain barrier integrity by activating the PI3K-Akt-Rac1 pathway and inhibiting RhoA following traumatic brain injury. Am J Transl Res, 2017, 9(3): 910-925.
33. Zhu J, Li Z, Yin F, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 1 ameliorates thin endometrium in rats through activation of the autophagic pathway. Front Pharmacol, 2023, 14: 1143096. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1143096.
34. Xu M, Wang C, Fang S, et al. Effect of recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor on nasal mucosal healing after endoscopic sinus surgery. Am J Otolaryngol, 2023, 44(4): 103895. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103895.
35. Sun H, Gao J, Li D, et al. Observations on the clinical efficacy of rhaFGF combined with Vitamin B complex for patients with severe recurrent aphthous ulcer. Pak J Med Sci, 2021, 37(7): 2004-2007.
36. Schmid GJ, Kobayashi C, Sandell LJ, et al. Fibroblast growth factor expression during skeletal fracture healing in mice. Dev Dyn, 2009, 238(3): 766-774.
37. Kidwai F, Mui B W H, Arora D, et al. Lineage-specific differentiation of osteogenic progenitors from pluripotent stem cells reveals the FGF1-RUNX2 association in neural crest-derived osteoprogenitors. Stem Cells, 2020, 38(9): 1107-1123.
38. Lu D, Yang C, Zhang Z, et al. Enhanced tendon–bone healing with acidic fibroblast growth factor delivered in collagen in a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model. J Orthop Surg Res, 2018, 13(1): 301. doi: 10.1186/s13018-018-0984-x.
39. Knaup I, Symmank J, Bastina A, et al. Impact of FGF1 on human periodontal ligament fibroblast growth, osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory reaction in vitro. J Orofac Orthop, 2022, 83(Suppl 1): 42-55.
40. 郭敏, 劉林, 胡征. 外源性成纖維細胞生長因子聯合引導骨再生術在前牙種植修復中對種植區骨量、種植體周圍炎的影響. 四川醫學, 2019, 40(8): 803-806.
41. Dordoe C, Wang X, Lin P, et al. Non-mitogenic fibroblast growth factor 1 protects against ischemic stroke by regulating microglia/macrophage polarization through Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Neuropharmacology, 2022, 212: 109064. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109064.
42. Chang WY, Huang WC, Tsai YA, et al. Recombinant acidic fibroblast growth factor facilitates motor recovery and reduces myelomalacia in traumatic american spinal injury association impairment scale a spinal cord injured patients. Neurotrauma Rep, 2024, 5(1): 910-915.
43. Cao Q, Meng T, Man J, et al. aFGF promotes neurite growth by regulating GSK3β-CRMP2 signaling pathway in cortical neurons damaged by amyloid-β. J Alzheimers Dis, 2019, 72(1): 97-109.
44. Li R, Wang B, Wu C, et al. Acidic fibroblast growth factor attenuates type 2 diabetes-induced demyelination via suppressing oxidative stress damage. Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(1): 107. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-03407-2.
45. Liu Y, Yu F, Zhang B, et al. Improving the protective effects of aFGF for peripheral nerve injury repair using sulfated chitooligosaccharides. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2019, 14(5): 511-520.
46. Wang J, Wang L, Gao S, et al. Recent advances in the role of fibroblast growth factors in hair follicle growth. Biomolecules, 2025, 15(8): 1198. doi: 10.3390/biom15081198.
47. 潘霄汝, 張汝芝, 金慧玲. 生長因子EGF、aFGF、bFGF對毛乳頭細胞生長的研究. 齊齊哈爾醫學院學報, 2017, 38(2): 134-136.
48. Lin WH, Xiang LJ, Shi HX, et al. Fibroblast growth factors stimulate hair growth through β-catenin and Shh expression in C57BL/6 mice. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015: 730139. doi: 10.1155/2015/730139.
49. Morita H, Hoshiga M. Fibroblast growth factors in cardiovascular disease. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2024, 31(11): 1496-1511.
50. Li G, Shao Y, Guo H C, et al. MicroRNA-27b-3p down-regulates FGF1 and aggravates pathological cardiac remodelling. Cardiovas Res, 2022, 118(9): 2139-2151.
51. Zhou NQ, Fang ZX, Huang N, et al. aFGF targeted mediated by novel nanoparticles-microbubble complex combined with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction attenuates doxorubicin-induced heart failure via anti-apoptosis and promoting cardiac angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12: 607785. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.607785.
52. Dhlamini Q, Wang W, Feng G, et al. FGF1 alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress. Mol Med, 2022, 28(1): 73. doi: 10.1186/s10020-022-00502-8.
53. Wang D, Zhao T, Zhao Y, et al. PPARγ mediates the anti-epithelial-mesenchymal transition effects of FGF1ΔHBS in chronic kidney diseases via inhibition of TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling. Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12: 690535. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690535.
54. Gu C, Liu Z, Li Y, et al. Endogenous FGF1 deficiency aggravates doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxics, 2023, 11(11): 925. doi: 10.3390/toxics11110925.
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Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Latest ArticlesAdvances on efficacy and mechanisms of acidic fibroblast growth factor for promoting injured tissue repair

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